Revolutions in India You Must Know About

The most heroic word in all languages is revolution. – Eugene V. Debs. Our nation has witnessed various revolutions and movements which have given us freedom, and power, and reformed India into an independent developing country. From freedom revolutions, agricultural revolutions, digital revolutions, and many more; our country has been through it all. Let’s look at the various hues of the Revolutions that have added life and colour to our nation. This blog shares all the relevant information in detail related to all kinds of revolutions.

Also Read: Non-Cooperation Movement: Features, Causes and Results

India has a rich history of revolutions that have shaped its socio-political landscape. The Indian Independence Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, stands as a prominent example, inspiring nonviolent resistance against British colonial rule. Another significant revolution was the Green Revolution, initiated in the 1960s, which transformed India’s agricultural sector through the adoption of high-yield varieties and modern techniques. The Chipko Movement, aimed at protecting forests from deforestation, emerged in the 1970s, emphasizing environmental consciousness. More recently, the anti-corruption movement led by Anna Hazare and the women’s rights movement demanding gender equality have brought about notable social changes. These revolutions reflect India’s ongoing quest for progress, justice, and equality.

Must Read: 1857 to 1947 History of India

List of Agriculture Revolutions in India

Given below are the Important Revolutions in India:

Name of the Revolution	Association	Associated with	Period
Black Revolution	Petroleum	–	–
Golden Revolution	Horticulture and Honey	Nirpakh Tutej	1991- 2003
Brown Revolution	Leather, Cocoa	Mr Hiralal Chaudri	–
Grey Revolution	Fertilizer	–	1960s-1970s
Blue Revolution	Fish	Dr Arun Krishnan	1973-2002
Silver Revolution	Eggs	Indira Gandhi	2000’s
White Revolution	Dairy Farming	Verghese Kurien	1970 – 1996
Red Revolution	Meat and Tomato	Vishal Tewari	1980’s
Golden Fibre Revolution	Related to Jute Production	–	1990’s
Green Revolution	Related to Agricultural Production	M.S. Swaminathan	1966 – 1967
Pink Revolution	Related to Onions, Prawns	Durgesh Patel	1970’s
Evergreen Revolution	For all agricultural production growth	M S Swaminathan	2014- 2022
Round Revolution	Related to potato production	–	1965- 2005
Silver Fibre Revolution	Related to Cotton production	–	2000’s
Yellow Revolution	Related to Oil Seed production	Mr Sam Pitroda	1986 – 1990
Protein Revolution	Agriculture(Higher Production)	Coined by Mr Narendra Modi	2014 – 2020

Must Read: Essay on Indian Freedom Struggle

Green Revolution

The Green Revolution saw an increase in the production of food grains by using various modern technologies and farming products like fertilizers, high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, irrigation facilities, and pesticides. It was founded by the Indian geneticist  M.S. Swaminathan and was commenced under the leadership of Lal Bahadur Shastri.

Blue Revolution

The Blue Revolution (Neel Kranti Mission) in India started in 1985-1900 and is related to the aquaculture of the country. This revolution contributed to the enhancement of the fishery industry into a modern industry and also increased the income of fishers. The  National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) included various components to develop and increase aquaculture activity by using modern methods and equipment. 

Golden Revolution

Founded by Nirpakh Tutej, the Golden Revolution went on from 1991 to 2003. It was a major movement in India that saw the use of new innovative technologies to boost the production of honey and products such as flowers, fruits, spices, vegetables, and plantation crops. To learn more about this important revolution of India, head on to our detailed blog on What is Golden Revolution? 

Also Read: Popular Struggles and Movements

Black Revolution

The Black Revolution is associated with an increase in petroleum in India.  The government of India implemented various policies to boost this production by mixing ethanol- a renewable source of energy- with petrol to produce biodiesel. This gave rise to a positive result in reducing pollution caused by the emission of harmful gases. This initiative has also helped farmers switch to such alternatives which reduce pollutants. 

Grey Revolution

The Grey Revolution in India is associated with an increase in fertilizer production. This was in succession to the green revolution that was responsible for the high-yielding variety of seeds. The grey revolution was initiated to mend the things that went wrong with the agricultural sector. It aims to build a promising future for farmers and develop the agricultural sector in India. 

Brown Revolution

The brown revolution in India increased the production and demand for environmental-friendly coffee which was initiated by Hiralal Chaudri. This revolution is currently taking place in Visakhapatnam. 

Red Revolution

The increase in the production of meat was the core part of the Red Revolution in India. Durgesh Patel is known as the father of this revolution. It modernized the processing of meant and upgraded technologies used for the same. 

Also Read: Rowlatt Act

Silver Revolution

The Silver Revolution witnessed an enhancement in poultry farming or the production of eggs. Various private and government sectors contributed to this revolution by using medical and applied science to rediscover ways to grow egg production.

White Revolution

The White Revolution was initiated to boost the production of milk and dairy products in India. Verghese Kurien is considered the father of this revolution who came up with the ‘billion litres’ idea. Along with other important companies,  AMUL – Anand Milk Union Limited played a major role in running the revolution for India.

Golden Fibre Revolution

The Golden Fibre Revolution is related to jute production. When the Industrial Revolution began, jute was used as a raw material in the fabric industry and jute has been used in several cases to make strong threads and jute products. Jute is the most important vegetable fibre after cotton. 

Pink Revolution

The Pink Revolution was an increase in the export and production of meat in India. It includes the involvement of technology in the poultry and meat processing industries. The revolution includes meat testing facilities, cold storage for growth, and other infrastructure facilities.

Round Revolution

Round Revolution is the increase in production of potato yield. The production of potatoes was aimed to be increased by at least double or triple the single annual increase.

Yellow Revolution

During the Yellow Revolution, India went from being a net importer to becoming self-sufficient and a net exporter. During the early 1990s, an all-time high of 25 million tonnes of oilseeds was produced from yearly oilseed harvests. On the website linked here, you may learn more about the Yellow Revolution.

Protein Revolution 

The government declared a technology-driven second green revolution with an emphasis on improved productivity and a “protein revolution,” committing to a 4% sustainable increase in the agriculture sector. The government established a price stability fund with a capital of Rs.500 crore to assist farmers in dealing with volatility. In addition, a Kisan TV channel was established to provide real-time information on innovative techniques, water conservation, and organic farming. Furthermore, the money for improving storage capacity was increased to Rs. 5,000 crore and Rs.100 crore was set aside for supplying every farmer with a soil health card, as well as Rs.56 crore for mobile soil-testing laboratories.

Evergreen Revolution 

The Green Revolution changed India’s image from “begging bowl” to “bread-basket.” However, in order to address the Green Revolution’s faults and vulnerabilities, we must make it evergreen. Despite the fact that India is now self-sufficient in many sectors of food production, it still relies on imports for commodities such as pulses and oilseeds, where output has not kept up with demand. The term “evergreen revolution” refers to long-term productivity growth that is not harmful to the environment or society. The evergreen revolution entails the incorporation of ecological concepts into the creation and diffusion of technology. The main concept is to produce more with less, less land, less pesticide, and less water, and hence, it must be an evergreen revolution to achieve sustainable agriculture.

Must Read: Rowlatt Act: Timeline, Reasons and Result

Freedom Revolutions in India

Apart from the aforementioned Revolutions, the Freedom/Independence Revolution is still considered the most fierce and powerful revolution in the entirety of Indian history. The movements and struggles faced during those revolutions are deeply rooted in the Indian archives. The existence of structural racism, discrimination, and social issues today, have their origins embedded in the past. Let’s travel back and discuss those dynamic revolutions and Indian freedom fighters who have changed India forever. 

The Indian Rebellion of 1857

The revolt in 1857 arose due to the build-up of various controversial factors. The recruitment of caste-neutral armies and local sepoys’ demand for high taxes from local Indians, the prohibitions on Indian religious customs were some of the many factors for the rebellion. However,  the triggering factor was the Enfield rifle. The sepoys believed that the opening of the rifle cartridges was greased with cow/pig fat. This caused severe rage among the Hindu and Muslim sepoys because of the attack on their religious sentiments. The revolt emerged in Delhi, Punjab, Jhansi, Bengal, Indore, and many other places in India.  The rebellion caused mass loss of people, accusations of rape, and other violent and gruesome acts. This gave rise to the Government of India Act, 1858 which eradicated the rule of the EIC and led to the direct responsibility by the British Parliament.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Must Read: Causes and Impact of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre which is also called the Massacre of Amritsar occurred on April 13, 1919. This is certainly one of the most heinous acts of violence by the Britishers which shook every Indian. On the 13th of April afternoon, people from various regions gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh to celebrate Baisakhi and peacefully protest against the ban on public gatherings. The British troops precipitously fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians and also sealed the main gate. This led to the killings of at least  379 people and left thousands of people injured. The inhumane humiliation spread across the country and caused various Indians to stand for their country who previously were loyal to the Britishers. This rage led to the Satyagraha movement by Mahatma Gandhi and people also began to boycott British goods. To protest against the genocide, the Indian poet  Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood which he had received from the British in 1915. 

Delhi Assembly Bombing

When President of the Central Assembly -Vithalbhai Patel began to give his ruling on the Trade Disputes Bill at the Assembly on the afternoon of 8th April 1929, an explosion occurred and the slogans were raised by the youth with chants of ‘Inquilab Zindabad’, ‘Workers of the world unite’, and ‘Down with imperialism. The two main voices among the crowd were of the young revolutionary freedom fighters, who were also members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association- Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt. They even stayed back courageously and got arrested and proclaimed that their mission wasn’t to vandalize, but to ‘make the deaf hear’. These revolutionaries only wanted to instil their ideas of revolution in the youth and inspire Indians to fight British imperialism.

Civil Disobedience Movement

This was one of the most significant movements by Gandhi Ji which laid the foundation and the root for Independence. This movement brought an intense wave of unity among Indians where everyone was ready to give their all for the freedom of the country. This included labourers, workers, and poor people who risked their lives due to the extreme oppression of the British. The movement began in 1930 when Gandhiji had laid demands before the British government which wasn’t fulfilled. He then decided to march from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Gujarat and break the salt law which was in defiance of the British. Everyone across the nation was asked to rebel and refuse to adhere to the unjust colonial laws of the British. This led to the arrest of over 90,000 people including Gandhiji and Nehru Ji. People boycotted all foreign clothes and all the peasants refused to pay taxes. After negotiating with Gandhi who was still under arrest, the viceroy of India Lord Irwin signed a pact with Gandhi which came to be known as the “Gandhi Irwin Pact”.

Also Read: Indian National Movement

Revolutions in India MCQs

1. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of Overall development of Agriculture?

A. Golden Revolution 

B. Black Revolution 

C. Evergreen Revolution 

D. Grey Revolution 

2. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of Oil Seeds? 

A. Yellow Revolution

B. Black Revolution 

C. Evergreen Revolution 

D. Grey Revolution 

3. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of Milk/Dairy? 

A. Yellow Revolution

B. Black Revolution 

C. White Revolution 

D. Grey Revolution 

4. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of Egg/Poultry?

A. Silver Revolution

B. Black Revolution 

C. White Revolution 

D. Grey Revolution 

5. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of Cotton?

A. Black Revolution 

B. White Revolution 

C. Grey Revolution 

D. Silver Fiber Revolution

6. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of potatoes?

A. Black Revolution 

B. Round Revolution

C. Grey Revolution 

D. Black Revolution

7. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of Meat and tomato? 

A. Pink Revolution 

B. Red Revolution

C. White Revolution 

D. Silver Revolution

8. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of fertilizers? 

A. Pink Revolution 

B. Red Revolution

C. Grey Revolution 

D. Yellow Revolution

9. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of fertilizers? 

A. Brown Revolution 

B. Pink Revolution

C. Green Revolution 

D. Yellow Revolution

10. Which of the following revolutions aimed at the increased production of Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey? 

A. Golden Revolution 

B. Pink Revolution

C. Green Revolution 

D. Yellow Revolution

Answers 

1. C
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. A

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