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In the world of genetics, DNA and RNA are key players. The full form of DNA and RNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Ribonucleic Acid. DNA is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions and determines the traits and characteristics of all living organisms. On the other hand, RNA serves as a messenger that translates the genetic information stored in DNA into functional proteins.
Also Read: What is the Full Form of DNA?
Difference Between RNA and DNA
Table of Contents
Here is an overview of the differences between RNA and DNA
| Parameters | DNA | RNA |
| Full form | Deoxyribonucleic acid | Ribonucleic acid |
| Found in | DNA occurs inside the nucleus of the cell. In plants, it is found in mitochondria and other plant cells. | RNA is commonly found in the cytoplasm of the cell. |
| Structure | DNA is a double-stranded molecule.It consists of a long chain of nucleotides. | RNS is a single-strand helix.It contains short chains of nucleotides. |
| Function | DNA stores and transfers genetic information to generate new cells. | It transfers genetic code from the nucleus to ribosomes.It also makes proteins. |
| Sugar | DNA contains deoxyribose sugar. | RNA contains ribose sugar |
| Chemical Composition | It has two nucleotide strands.It consists of a phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, and four nitrogen bases. | It consists of a phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, and four nitrogen bases. |
| Types | There are three types of DNA: A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA. | There are four types of RNA: ribosomal RNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and small nuclear RNA. |
| Bases | The bases in DNA include A, T, G, and C. | RNA shares A, G, C, and U. |
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