Top Physics Project Ideas for Class 12 with PDF

A Physics Project for Class 12 is not just about completing an assignment—it’s a chance to explore real-life applications of physics in a fun way. Whether it’s building a simple electric circuit, experimenting with light, or testing Newton’s laws, these projects help you understand concepts better. Not sure which topic is the right choice? Worry no more.

Read this blog till the end to find a comprehensive list of Physics projects for class 12 on different topics such as current electricity, alternating current, and many other topics. Get ready to turn your curiosity into creativity and your ideas into innovation!

Popular Physics Projects for Class 12

When pursuing a Physics Project Class 12, you don’t need to focus on high-tech or complex projects. Instead, opting for simple and easy projects can save time and make explanations more manageable. Among the most common Physics Projects for Class 12 topics are electric cars and electric motors. Below, you’ll find detailed information about these engaging projects, topic-wise.

1. Electric Car

Making an electric car for your Physics project in Class 12 will set you apart from your classmates. It is simple to build and fascinating to see in action. The project demonstrates concepts like aerodynamics, energy conversion, electric circuits, and basic mechanics, making it an ideal choice for students.

Working Principle

The electric car works on the transmission of force from the motor to the wheel. This is achieved through two gears and rubber bands that act as a belt, creating motion.

Materials Required

The setup for this experiment requires a few simple materials listed below.

Material	Purpose
Plastic Board (Car Chassis)	Base structure of the car
4 Wheels + 4 Tyre Rings	Movement and stability
Battery Holder + Battery	Power supply
Motor Mount + Electric Motor	Motion generation
Rubber Bands	Transmission belt
Transmission Pulley	Gear system connection
Screws	Assembly
Paper Clips	Fixing small parts
Straw	Axle support

2. Electric Motor

An electric motor project for Class 12 Physics is simple to make yet demonstrates powerful concepts. Although the scientific principles behind motors involve electromagnetism and rotational dynamics, the construction process is straightforward. Using basic materials like a coil of wire, a magnet, and a power source, students can create a working model that shows how electricity is converted into motion. This project is ideal if you want a quick yet effective working model.

Working Principle

An electric motor works on the principle that a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force. This interaction between electricity and magnetism produces rotation, forming the basis of motor function.

Materials Required

To carry out the project successfully, the following items are essential.

Material	Purpose
Insulated Wire	Forms the coil for current flow
Battery	Provides power supply
Small Circular Magnet	Generates magnetic field
Electric Tape	Insulation and fixing parts
Modelling Clay	Holds parts in place
2 Metal Sewing Needles	Acts as supports/axles for the coil
Knife	Stripping wire insulation

3. How to Create a Visual Doppler

Visual Doppler transforms the concept of the Doppler Effect into a classroom activity by using colored paper waves in place of invisible sound waves. As the toy car moves forward, the waves appear compressed at the front and stretched out at the back. This simple demonstration shows why we hear a higher pitch when a vehicle approaches and a lower pitch as it moves away. It is an engaging way to explore one of the most important concepts in wave physics.

Aim: The aim of this project is to create a visual model of the Doppler Effect and observe how sound waves change when a moving source, like a vehicle, passes by.

Theory: The Doppler Effect occurs when the source of waves moves relative to an observer. As the source approaches, each successive wave crest is emitted from a position closer to the observer than the previous crest, making the waves appear compressed and the sound higher in pitch. As the source moves away, the waves spread out, causing a lower pitch. This project creates a simple simulation of how sound waves behave when a vehicle passes by.

Materials Required

The setup for this experiment requires a few simple materials listed below.

Material	Purpose
Ruler	For accurate measurement
Scissors	Cutting paper
Tape	Fixing parts together
Toy Car	Represents the moving sound source
2 Colored Construction Papers	To visualize wave crests
Plain Paper	For additional markings or setup
Marker	To draw wave patterns
Camera	To record or capture the experiment visually

4. Buoyancy 101

Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object placed in it. This force allows objects to float or sink depending on their density relative to the fluid. According to Archimedes’ Principle, the buoyant force on a body is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. If the object’s weight is less than the displaced fluid, it floats; otherwise, it sinks. Buoyancy is affected by fluid density, temperature, and the shape of the floating object.

Aim : The aim of this project is to test whether an increase in water temperature affects its density and causes a floating boat hull to sink deeper in the water.

Theory: When water temperature rises, its molecules move farther apart. This reduces density and weakens the upthrust force acting on a floating object. As a result, the boat displaces more water to stay afloat, appearing to sink slightly deeper. This experiment demonstrates how temperature and density changes influence buoyancy and displacement.

Materials Required

Below is a list of materials necessary to conduct the project effectively.

Material	Purpose
10 Identical Styrene Model Boats	Used as floating objects
128 grams of Steel	Standard weight for testing displacement
Digital Thermometer	To measure water temperature from 5°C to 95°C

5. Heat Transfer in an Incandescent Lamp

This project explores how much electrical power in an incandescent lamp is lost due to thermionic emission from the filament. By analysing the role of heat transfer mechanisms, students can understand how lamp efficiency is affected. If the losses are significant, minimising them could improve the performance of traditional incandescent lamps.

Aim: How much of the electrical power supply of an incandescent lamp is lost by thermionic emission from the filament? If these damages are significant, their elimination could substantially increase the operational performance of incandescent lamps.

Theory: The power output can be decomposed into thermionic emission and thermal-radiation elements using electricity, filament temperature, and ambient temperature details. The conduction is sequentially dependent upon the filament’s temperature (Fourier’s Law). Still, the exposure is proportional to the fourth power of the filament’s temperature (Stefan-Boltzmann Law).

Materials Required

For building and testing this model, you will need the materials mentioned here.

Material	Purpose
25-watt evacuated light bulb	Acts as the experimental subject
Programmable power supply	Controls and adjusts electrical input
Two high-precision digital meters	For accurate measurement of current and voltage
Digital thermometer	Measures precise filament and ambient temperatures

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6. Insulation Value

The Insulation Value project compares straw insulation with widely used materials like fiberglass and rigid foam panels. It demonstrates how different insulation types affect heat retention and energy efficiency in buildings. Students can explore how effective insulation reduces energy costs and maintains comfortable indoor temperatures in varying weather conditions.

Aim: To compare the insulation performance of straw with traditional materials such as fibreglass and rigid foam panels.

Theory: Insulation is one of the most important components in creating energy-efficient buildings. On cold days, it prevents heat from escaping, while on hot days, it resists outside heat from entering. By minimising heat transfer, insulation helps regulate indoor temperatures and reduces energy consumption. Materials such as fibreglass, foam panels, and straw can be tested to evaluate their effectiveness in slowing down heat transmission.

Materials Required

The experiment can be performed using the following equipment and supplies.

Material	Purpose
Speakers	To provide controlled heat for testing
Insulation materials	Straw, fibreglass, and rigid foam for comparison
Digital thermometer	To measure and compare temperature variations accurately

7. Observations of Gas in the Infrared Spectrum

This project focuses on studying how gases interact with infrared radiation and how their chemical properties influence transmission and absorption. By observing these interactions, students can understand the role of gases in atmospheric science, energy systems, and heat transfer applications.

Aim: To research the effect of gas chemical properties on its ability to transmit or absorb infrared radiation, with a focus on masking a transmissive gas heating element.

Theory: The ability of a gas to absorb or transmit infrared light depends on its molecular structure. Certain gases exhibit strong absorption bands in the infrared spectrum, which leads to reduced transmittance and creates areas of obstruction. This property explains why gases play a significant role in processes like greenhouse effects, thermal imaging, and energy transfer. By experimenting with different gases, the variation in infrared transmissivity can be directly observed and compared.

Materials Required

For building and testing this model, you will need the materials mentioned here.

Material	Purpose
PVC pipe	To contain and direct gases during testing
Spectroradiometer	To measure infrared radiation levels
8–12 micron infrared camera	To capture and analyse infrared imagery
Blackbody	To serve as a uniform radiation source
Gases (various types)	To test and compare infrared absorption and transmission properties

8. Marvelous Magnetics

This project explores diamagnetism and how it can be used to demonstrate levitation with different materials. Students get to observe the interaction between magnets and substances like graphite, paper, plastic, or aluminum foil, and understand why only certain materials can oppose magnetic fields strongly enough to show levitation effects.

Aim: To study how diamagnetism influences levitation by testing various materials such as graphite, paper, plastic, and aluminum foil.

Theory: Diamagnetism is a property of materials that causes them to create an opposing magnetic field when exposed to an external magnetic field. Unlike ferromagnetism or paramagnetism, diamagnetism is weak and usually not noticeable. However, in materials like graphite, this effect can be strong enough to counteract gravity and cause levitation. This principle is similar to the technology behind magnetic levitation (maglev) trains, such as those in Japan, which use magnetic forces to achieve frictionless, high-speed travel.

Materials Required

To carry out the project successfully, the following items are essential.

Material	Purpose
Levitation Pedestal	Base setup to demonstrate magnetic levitation
Graphite	Primary diamagnetic material for levitation experiments
Adjustment Screw	To fine-tune the setup and stabilize levitation
Paper	Test material to observe lack of strong diamagnetic effect
Aluminum Foil	Test material to compare with graphite
Plastic	Test material in place of graphite for comparison

9. Long and Short Wavelength Colours

This project explores how different paint colors, based on their wavelengths, affect the temperature and insulation of houses. By comparing solid and mixed color schemes, students can analyze how colors influence heat absorption and retention, an important principle in energy-efficient building design.

Aim:
To study how the color of a house (red, blue, green, orange, and mixed colors) affects its interior and exterior temperature, as well as insulation efficiency.

Theory:
Colorus absorb and reflect heat differently depending on their wavelength. Long wavelength colors such as red and orange tend to absorb more heat, making interiors warmer. Short wavelength colors like blue and green reflect more heat, keeping interiors cooler. Data from this project showed that internal temperatures followed the order of wavelengths, with red creating the warmest interiors and blue the coolest. Mixed-color houses showed intermediate effects, depending on the combination. Insulation efficiency also varied, with blue and green performing better in retaining favorable indoor conditions compared to red and orange.

Materials Required

The setup for this experiment requires a few simple materials listed below.

Material	Purpose
Oil Paints (Red, Blue, Green, Orange, Grey)	To paint house models in different solid and mixed colors
Control House (Painted White)	Baseline for comparison
Digital Thermometer	To measure interior temperatures
Infrared Thermometer	To measure exterior surface temperatures

10. Use and Impact of Recycled Materials for Thermal Insulation

This project examines how different recycled materials can be used as effective insulators. By testing materials such as fiberglass, pine shavings, polystyrene, polyurethane, cellulose, perlite, polyethylene foil, and bubble wrap, students can determine which option performs best for energy conservation in buildings.

Aim: To evaluate various recycled materials to identify which one functions as the most effective thermal insulator.

Theory: Insulation reduces heat transfer, keeping interiors warm in winter and cool in summer. In this study, fiberglass proved to be the most effective material, as it took the longest to heat and retained warmth for the maximum duration. Other materials warmed up more quickly and lost heat faster. The results suggest that using fiberglass or similar recycled insulation materials can significantly improve energy efficiency in buildings.

Materials Required

For building and testing this model, you will need the materials mentioned here.

Material	Purpose
Particle Board	Acts as the base for building test models
Digital Thermometer	To measure changes in temperature
Light Bulb	Provides a constant heat source for the experiment
Cardboard Boxes	Containers for housing different insulation samples

List of Topics for Physics Project Class 12 (Free PDF)

Here is a curated list of engaging topics for Physics projects for Class 12, available along with a free PDF to help students select the perfect project for their academic needs. Download the PDF now!

Physics Project for Class 12 on Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Here is a list of topics for the Physics project for class 12 on Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents. You can choose any one of them and create an outstanding project from it.

• To study the idea of a full-wave bridge rectifier and the idea of a coil’s self-inductance
• To Research the Self-Designed Transformer Concept
• To Research and Measure the AC Current’s Strength
• To Research the AC/DC Converter (Full Wave Rectifier)
• To investigate the magnetic induction in an AC generator
• To examine how input and output voltage relate to one another
• Physics Project for Grade 12: To Investigate the Tangent Galvanometer
• A circuit using four diodes to provide full-wave rectification converts an AC voltage to a pulsating DC voltage and is used to study the many factors affecting internal resistance or EMF.

Physics Project Topics for Class 12 on Current Electricity

Here is a list of Physics projects for class 12 on Current Electricity. This topic also offers fantastic and exciting projects, allowing you to choose one and create an outstanding project.

• To learn about resistance and the Ohm law
• To establish the RC circuit’s time-constant
• To investigate the idea of electrical resistance variation
• The Future of Electricity: A Study of Wireless Energy
• To research and discover novel electricity-generating methods
• To investigate the parallel and series combinations of resistors
• Studying the operation of the Wheatstone Bridge Circuit and its use
• To Research Current Variation Using an LDR: 12th-grade physics projects
• To investigate the impact of different temperatures on the resistivity of insulators
• To determine how the following factors affect an avalanche cell’s internal resistance 

Physics Project Class 12 on Electrostatics

Explore exciting project ideas on Electrostatics for Class 12, covering concepts like electric fields, potentials, and capacitors. These topics offer excellent opportunities to develop innovative projects and enhance your understanding.

• To investigate how a series of capacitors charges and discharges
• To Research and Build a Capacitor Storage Circuit LED
• To Research and Build a Capacitor Charge Oscillator Circuit to Research the Electric Dipole Moment: Physics Project Subjects
• To learn about Coulomb’s law of forces at two points
• To research the electric field and the superposition principle
• To investigate the dipole’s torque in a consistent electric field
• To research dielectric materials for cutting-edge applications
• Project for Physics class 12: To Illustrate The Operation Of An Electrolytic Capacitor Using Its Charging And Discharging With The Aid Of An Audio Oscillator
• To examine and contrast the two capacitors when used in series and parallel

Physics Project on Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism for Class 12

Dive into the fascinating world of magnetism with the physics project topics for Class 12 on the Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism. These projects allow students to experiment with electromagnetic principles and understand how magnetic fields are generated and applied.

• To research the impact of applied voltage and magnetic field
• To Research the Bar Magnet as a Comparative Solenoid
• To research using magnetic levitation in elevators
• Physics Investigational Project on the Moving Coil Galvanometer to Study the Magnetic Force on the Current-Carrying Conductor Physics Experiment with Galvanometer to Voltmeter
• To investigate the torque that a current loop experiences in a consistent magnetic field.
• Physics projects for the 12th grade: To Study the Magnetic Properties of Materials
• To study the magnetic force between two parallel current-carrying conductors by experimenting with magnetic field lines surrounding them.

Physics Project on Optics for Class 12

Discover an engaging Physics project topic for Class 12 on Optics, focusing on the behavior of light, lenses, and optical instruments. These topics encourage practical exploration of fundamental concepts.

• How Does Distance Impact Light Intensity?
• Study of the Impact of Space-Time Curvature
• Changing the Speed of Light: Research and Analysis
• To study the idea of reflection in the concave mirror, are there more cosmic rays at higher altitudes?
• To Research the Reconstruction of the Cosmic Ray Shower Array To Research Light Refraction in a Rectangular Glass Slab
• To Research and Observe the Gas in the Infrared Spectrum to Showcase the Total Internal Reflection Phenomenon

Physics Project for Class 12 on Oscillations and Waves

Oscillations and Waves are branches of physics that deal with periodic motions and disturbances in physical systems. Some of the physics project ideas or physics project topics on Oscillations and Waves are mentioned below.

• To research the laws governing sound reflection
• Utilizing sound to gauge the temperature
• To research and calculate the density of solids
• To Calculate the Sound Speed at Room Temperature
• To Measure the Speed of Sound at Room Temperature and Study the Doppler Effect and Fiber Gyroscope
• To Research and Test the Sound Decay in Various Gases
• To investigate mechanical systems’ nonlinear oscillations
• To learn the distinction between longitudinal waves and transverse waves, ethnic groups’ voice frequencies were studied and analyzed.

Modern Physics Project Topics for Class 12

Modern Physics offers exciting avenues for projects, encouraging students to explore the latest advancements in science and develop unique, thought-provoking ideas. Some of the physics project topics for Class 12 in Modern Physics are listed below.

• Modern Physics and the Study of the Photoelectric Effect
• To research the assumptions and constraints of the Bohr atomic model
• To learn about Henry Moseley’s law and its applications
• To investigate the de Broglie Wavelength of Matter Waves Concept and Related Problems
• To learn about the several forms of radioactivity in modern physics

Download List of Topics for Physics Project for Class 12 (Free PDF)

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 Topics (CBSE Suggestions)

Investigatory projects allow Class 12 students to explore real-world physics concepts through research and experimentation. The image below contains some CBSE-recommended physics investigatory project class 12 topics to inspire and guide students’ academic journeys. Please have a look.

List of 50 Physics Project Topics for Class 12

There are several other concepts that you can set your project on. Depending on the time and the available resources, you can choose a project of your choice. Given below in a table are some of the topic ideas for the physics project for class 12th:

Physics Project Topic	Purpose of the Project
How to Create a Visual Doppler	To demonstrate the Doppler Effect visually and explain why sound pitch changes as a vehicle approaches or moves away.
Buoyancy 101	To study how changes in water density and temperature affect the buoyancy of floating objects.
Heat Transfer in an Incandescent Lamp	To analyse energy loss in lamps through thermionic emission and thermal radiation.
Insulation Value	To compare the efficiency of different insulation materials in maintaining temperature.
Observations of Gas in the Infrared Spectrum	To examine how gases absorb and transmit infrared radiation.
Marvelous Magnetics	To explore diamagnetism and its effect on levitation.
Long and Short Wavelength Colors	To investigate how different colors affect heat absorption and insulation rates.
Use and Impact of Recycled Materials for Thermal Insulation	To test recycled materials as potential insulators in energy conservation.
Hydro Power	To demonstrate energy conversion from water flow into mechanical/electrical energy.
Salt Water vs Tap Water	To compare the conductivity and physical properties of salt water and fresh water.
Hooke’s Law	To verify the proportionality between force and extension in springs.
Proving Universal Gravitation by Warping Space-Time	To conceptually demonstrate Newton’s and Einstein’s views on gravity.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion	To experimentally validate that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Comparison of Thermal Conductivity for Different Metals	To measure and compare how metals conduct heat.
Brass Instruments and Artificial Lips	To study resonance and vibration in musical instruments.
An Analysis of Black Hole Thermodynamics	To explore entropy and radiation in black holes.
Measurement of True Noon Time	To calculate local noon using shadows and solar position.
Measuring the Speed of Light	To use experiments to approximate the speed of light.
Blackbody Thermal Emission	To study heat radiation and blackbody principles.
Changing the Speed of Light	To observe refraction effects in different media.
Chemiluminescence	To explore light emission from chemical reactions.
Colour vs. Heat Absorption	To compare heat retention of surfaces painted in different colors.
AC Generator	To build a model showing how alternating current is generated.
Automatic Electric Train Barrier	To design a barrier that operates automatically when a train approaches.
Light Dependent Resistance	To test how resistance changes with light intensity.
Rectifier	To demonstrate conversion of AC into DC current.
Photoelectric Effect	To show how light can release electrons from a surface.
Effect of Tension on the Pitch of a String	To analyse how tension changes frequency in vibrating strings.
Effect of Pressure on Ball Bounce Height	To study the effect of air pressure on the rebound height of a ball.
Effect of Mass on Terminal Velocity	To determine how different masses affect falling speed in fluids.
Effect of Pressure on Water Velocity	To measure how water pressure influences its flow speed.
Foam Thickness and Sound Attenuation	To investigate how foam thickness affects sound absorption.
How Accurate is Parallax	To measure the reliability of parallax in distance calculation.
Impact of Different Color Filters on the Energy of a Laser Beam	To test how color filters affect light transmission.
Neuronal Nonlinear Dynamics	To model electrical behavior of neurons using physics concepts.
Effect of Sugar Density on the Refractive Index of Water	To study how dissolved sugar affects light refraction.
Nonlinear Oscillations in Mechanical Systems	To observe oscillations in non-linear mechanical systems.
How Do Gases Behave in the Infrared Spectrum	To confirm absorption/transmission patterns of gases in IR light.
Verification of Archimedes Principle	To validate the buoyant force principle experimentally.
Hiding in Plain Sight	To experiment with camouflage and optical illusions.
Light Reflection and Refraction of Liquids	To compare reflection/refraction in liquids of different densities.
Kinetic Energy	To calculate and verify kinetic energy relations in motion.
Murray’s Principle of Minimum Work	To study energy efficiency in natural branching systems.
Living Color	To analyze how pigments and dyes interact with light.
Magnetic Force	To demonstrate the force between current-carrying conductors.
Charge Induced on Two Identical Styrofoam Balls	To test static electricity and charge induction.
Study of Solar Cells	To measure the efficiency of solar panels in converting light into electricity.
Study of the Electrochemical Cell (Primary Cell)	To demonstrate how chemical reactions generate electricity.
Construction of a Two-Transistor Oscillator Circuit	To design an oscillator using transistors.
Zero Gravity Elevator Physics Experiment	To simulate free fall and explain weightlessness

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Physics Project for Class 12: Working Model Example

A working model project helps students apply theoretical concepts of physics to practical applications. It not only demonstrates how scientific principles function in real life but also builds problem-solving and innovation skills.

Project Title: Automatic Street Light Using LDR

‘Automatic Street Light Using LDR’ model demonstrates how a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) can be used to switch street lights on automatically at night and off during the day, ensuring energy conservation.

Aim: To design a working model of an automatic street light system that turns on in darkness and switches off in daylight using a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR).

Theory: A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) changes its resistance depending on the light intensity falling on it. In darkness, the resistance of the LDR is high, causing current to flow through the circuit and switch on the light. In bright light, the resistance decreases, and the circuit switches off the light. This principle is applied in energy-saving street lighting systems.

Materials Required

• Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
• Resistors
• Transistor (e.g., BC547 or equivalent)
• Relay
• 12V Bulb or LED
• Breadboard or PCB
• Connecting wires
• Power supply (12V battery/adapter)

Procedure

To begin the experiment, connect the LDR and resistor in a voltage divider circuit and take the output to the base of the transistor. A relay is then attached to the collector terminal of the transistor to control the bulb. Once the wiring is complete, power the circuit using a 12V supply. When the setup is placed in light, the bulb remains switched off as the LDR resistance decreases. In contrast, when the setup is placed in darkness, the bulb switches on because the LDR resistance increases and activates the transistor to drive the relay.

Observations

• In the presence of light, the LDR resistance is low → transistor remains off → bulb stays off.
• In darkness, the LDR resistance is high → transistor switches on → relay activates → bulb glows.

Conclusion of Project

The project successfully demonstrates how LDR can be used to design an automatic street light system. This working model helps save energy and reduces human intervention in controlling lights.

Also Read: Ideas for 4th Class Science Project

Physics projects for Class 12 give students an opportunity to move beyond textbooks and apply concepts in a practical way. From simple models like electric motors and LDR-based circuits to advanced experiments involving thermodynamics, optics, and magnetism, these projects encourage creativity while strengthening problem-solving skills. Choosing the right project depends on available resources, time, and interest, but every experiment adds value by deepening scientific understanding. By working on such projects, students not only prepare for board examinations but also gain insights that can inspire future innovations in science and technology.

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