What is the Full Form of SONAR? 

The full form of SONAR iis Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is a technology that employs sound propagation for navigation and can also interact with other items and recognise objects from a distance. Underwater, Sonar has a wide range of uses, such as underwater contact and route planning. In order to hear the sounds of other ships, Leonardo da Vinci was the first to use the Sonar concept in 1490 by submerging a tube in the ocean.

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Working Principles of Sonar

Below mentioned are the working principles of Sonar:

• An ultrasonic sound beam produced by the transducer passes through the saltwater.
• The sensor detects and records the echo that is produced when it reflects. We are then converted into electrical signals.

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Types of Sonar

Two types of Sonar are Active Sonar and Passive Sonar. Check out about active and passive sonar below:

Active Sonar 

• In order to do this, sound waves must be emitted, and then the echo must be detected.
• The transmitter delivers high-frequency sound waves in the desired direction, while the receiver receives the high-frequency sound waves returned from the target. 
• Some animals use echolocation (active sonar) to locate killers and victims. Whales and dolphins are two examples.

Passive Sonar 

• Who is involved in listening to the noises of submerged objects?
• The only component is a receiver. It draws attention to the noise that submerged things make. It does not produce any on its own and only detects the sound waves that pass through the receiver.
• It is helpful for underwater research missions because they do not want to be identified.

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Benefits of Sonar

Some of the benefits of Sonar are:

• The only reliable technology for finding objects underwater is Sonar. For a variety of reasons, Sonar is helpful for navigating and measuring water depth.
• Sonar can be used to capture a range of aquatic activities.
• There isn’t much of a reduction in the water when Sonar is compared to radar or light waves.
• It is a precise process; the cost is reasonable and not out of reach.
• SONAR can be used by underwater vehicles to communicate with each other.
• It is also famously used to monitor the behavior of marine life. 
• It can help detect changes occurring in the underwater environment. 
• SONAR can also be used to create detailed maps of the seafloor.

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Limitations of Sonar 

Few of the limitations of Sonar are:

• There are several huge animals that live in the sea.
• The waves produced by Sonar are damaging aquatic life. 
• Depending on the sound level it creates, it makes a variety of noises that endanger animals like whales and dolphins.
• The typical range of a sonar system depends on the properties of the water in which it is currently operating. 
• Sonar systems can be expensive to develop and maintain. 
• It can also interfere with the natural behavior of aquatic animals.

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