This Day in History- July 9

1939-Campaign against apartheid by Indians
A meeting of 6,000 Indians was held at the Indian Sports Ground in Johannesburg South Africa, to launch the Passive Resistance Campaign against apartheid and racial policy in South Africa.

2019–Life sentence of restaurateur
Indian restaurateur, the ‘Dosa King’ P. Rajagopal began his life sentence for organizing a murder, 15 years after he was convicted.

1536- Jacques Cartier returned
The French navigator, Jacques Cartier returned to Saint-Malo from Canada on July 9, 1536. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River.

1776- Declaration of Independence read 
The declaration of independence was read to George Washington’s troops in New York on July 9, 1776. The United States Declaration of Independence is the pronouncement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,

1807- Second treaty of Tilsit
The Second Treaty of Tilsit was signed by France, Russia, and Prussia on July 9, 1807. The treaties were made at the expense of the Prussian king, who had already agreed to a truce on 25 June after the Grande Armée had captured Berlin and pursued him to the easternmost frontier of his realm.

1893- Daniel William 
Daniel Williams repaired the torn pericardium of a knife wound patient, James Cornish, without penicillin or blood transfusion on July 9, 1893. Daniel Hale Williams was an American general surgeon, who in 1893 performed the first documented, successful pericardium surgery in the US to repair a wound.

1947- Engagement of Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten
On 9 July 1947, the engagement was announced between Princess Elizabeth and Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten. The Princess received a diamond and platinum engagement ring, designed by Prince Philip.

1979 -Voyager 2 went past Jupiter
On July 9, 1979, Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Jupiter, flying within 350,000 miles of the planet’s cloud tops. Voyager 2 also discovered a previously unknown moon, later named Adrastea, orbiting Jupiter just outside its rings.

2002- African Union
The African Union was established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2002. The first chairman was Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa.

1819- Elias Howe
An American inventor who invented sewing machines was born in Spencer, Massachusetts on July 9, 1819.

1905- Clarence Campbell
The Canadian 3rd president of the NHL between 1946-77 was born in Fleming, Saskatchewan in1905.

1916- Edward Heath
A British Prime Minister for the Conservative between 1970-74 was born in Broadstairs, England.

1934- Michael Graves
An American postmodernist architect was born in Indianapolis, Indiana.

1956- Tom Hanks
An American actor was born in Concord, California on July 9, 1956.

1964- Courtney Love
An American musician and an actress was born in San Francisco, California.