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NAD full form is Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. It is an essential coenzyme used in cellular metabolism as it enables living cells to emit energy from food. This coenzyme is derived from vitamin B3 which plays essential roles in cellular energy production, oxidative stress defence, DNA repair, and cellular signalling. Additionally, NAD also helps repair damaged DNA.
Furthermore, NAD+ is a coenzyme It is involved in metabolic reactions, accepts and donates electrons, and helps generate Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). NAD+ levels tend to decrease with age, and boosting NAD+ through precursors or supplementation is being explored for potential health benefits. NAD+ is a key molecule in maintaining cellular function and is an active area of research in the field of ageing and cellular health.
Physical and Chemical Properties of NAD
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide is a minute molecule made up of two nucleotides bound by a β-nicotinamide ribose moiety. This molecule is present in every living cell. This coenzyme exists in two forms: NADH and NAD+.
Physical and Chemical Properties of NAD+ and NADH
The physical and chemical properties of both these types of molecules are tabulated below:
| Particulars | NADH | NAD+ |
| Density | 0.98 g/cm³ | Density: 0.98 g/cm³ |
| Molecular Weight | 267.24 g/mol | 267.24 g/mol |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes | Decomposes |
| Melting Point | 184-186 °C | 184-186 °C |
| CAS Number | 23152-54-0 | 23152-54-0 |
| Solubility | Water Soluble | Water Soluble |
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Biological Properties of NAD+ and NADH
The table below contains the biological properties of NAD+ and NADH:
| NAD+ | NADH |
| Imperative to the functioning of mitochondria | Essential in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates |
| Vital for DNA repair | Vital for DNA synthesis and DNA repair |
| Involved in the synthesis of energy from food | Necessary for energy production from food |
| Required for DNA synthesis | Essential for hormone production |
| Used in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins | Used in detoxification reactions |
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