Types of Criminology Jobs

Crime shows and true-crime documentaries often capture our attention, but behind the scenes, criminology is the field that studies crime in depth. Criminology is the scientific study of crime, its causes, law enforcement responses, and methods of prevention. It is an interdisciplinary field combining social sciences and forensic sciences to analyse human behaviour and societal patterns.

If you have an analytical mindset and a curiosity about human behaviour, criminology offers a wide range of career opportunities. From investigating crimes to shaping policies and improving public safety, this field provides diverse professional paths. Read on to explore the types of criminology jobs and their career prospects in today’s evolving law enforcement and forensic landscape.

Why Study Criminology?

The rising rates of crime and emerging security threats have made criminology an increasingly important field. Crime is rarely caused by a single factor; it often results from a combination of economic, social, and psychological influences.

Criminologists are trained to analyse these factors to understand criminal behaviour. Their role goes beyond solving individual crimes—they contribute to crime prevention, policy-making, and law enforcement strategies, helping create safer communities.

As an interdisciplinary field, criminology combines psychology, sociology, law, and anthropology, offering insights into both the criminal and societal context of crime. While psychology helps in understanding the mind, sociology focuses on human behaviour and social interaction, enabling criminologists to approach crime from multiple perspectives.

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List of Jobs in Criminology

Following the earlier discussion on why to study criminology, the table below highlights the key career options available in this field. It categorises jobs directly related to your degree and those where a criminology background is useful, providing a clear overview for students exploring career paths.

List of Jobs in Criminology	Title of the Job	Description of the Job	Average Salary
Directly Related to Degree	Civil Service Administrator	Work in government agencies managing public safety and policy implementation.	INR 6,00,000 – INR 12,00,000
	Community Development Worker	Support communities to prevent crime and promote social well-being.	INR 3,00,000 – INR 6,00,000
	Crime Scene Investigator (CSI)	Collect and analyse evidence from crime scenes.	INR 4,00,000 – INR 8,00,000
	Detective or Criminal Investigator	Investigate crimes, interview witnesses, and solve cases.	INR 5,00,000 – INR 10,00,000
	Police Officer	Enforce laws, maintain public order, and prevent crime.	INR 5,00,000 – INR 12,00,000
	Prison Officer	Manage inmates and ensure security within correctional facilities.	INR 3,50,000 – INR 7,00,000
	Probation Officer	Supervise offenders on probation and support rehabilitation.	INR 4,00,000 – INR 8,00,000
	Social Worker (Criminal Justice Focus)	Assist victims and offenders, providing counselling and guidance.	INR 3,00,000 – INR 6,50,000
	Youth Worker	Engage with young people to prevent criminal behaviour and support development.	INR 3,00,000 – INR 6,00,000
Where Degree is Useful	Adult Guidance Worker	Support adults in rehabilitation and career guidance, especially offenders.	INR 3,00,000 – INR 6,00,000
	Border Force Officer	Work in immigration and security, monitoring cross-border activities.	INR 5,00,000 – INR 10,00,000
	Charity Officer	Manage programs for crime prevention or victim support.	INR 3,00,000 – INR 5,50,000
	Counsellor or Rehabilitation Specialist	Help offenders or victims with mental health and reintegration.	INR 3,50,000 – INR 6,50,000
	Housing Manager	Provide safe housing solutions, including for at-risk populations.	INR 4,00,000 – INR 7,00,000
	Local Government Officer	Develop policies and programs related to public safety.	INR 5,00,000 – INR 10,00,000
	Paralegal or Legal Assistant	Assist lawyers in criminal cases and legal research.	INR 3,00,000 – INR 6,00,000
	Political Risk Analyst	Analyse crime, terrorism, and political instability for governments or corporations.	INR 6,00,000 – INR 12,00,000
	Social Researcher	Conduct studies on crime trends, public safety, and policy effectiveness.	INR 4,00,000 – INR 8,00,000
	Solicitor or Lawyer or  Penologist	Provide legal counsel, represent clients, or specialise in prison management and reform.	INR 6,00,000 – INR 15,00,000
Emerging Careers in Criminology	Cybercrime Analyst or Digital Forensics Expert	Investigate online crimes and cyber threats.	INR 5,00,000 – INR 12,00,000
	Criminal Data Analyst	Use AI and analytics to predict crime trends and improve law enforcement strategies.	INR 6,00,000 – INR 14,00,000
	Criminal Justice Policy Advisor	Develop and evaluate policies for crime prevention and rehabilitation.	INR 6,00,000 – INR 12,00,000
	Victim Support Specialist	Provide counselling and advocacy to crime victims.	INR 3,50,000 – INR 7,00,000
	Private Security or  Risk Management Consultant	Advise organisations on safety, fraud prevention, and risk assessment.	INR 5,00,000 – INR 10,00,000

Overview of Different Criminology Job Profiles

Now that you have an understanding of the various criminology career options. Let’s take a closer look at these roles and explore their responsibilities, required skills, and career prospects in greater detail.

1. Civil Service Administrator

The Civil Service Administrator is a cornerstone of public sector operations, responsible for ensuring that government services run efficiently and policies are implemented effectively. This role requires managing complex administrative processes, coordinating between multiple departments, and maintaining accurate and confidential records. Administrators often act as the bridge between senior officials and the public, handling inquiries, compiling reports, and supporting strategic initiatives. The position emphasises accountability, impartiality, and organisational excellence, offering early-career professionals exposure to policy-making, operational management, and public service leadership.

The specific responsibilities, work environment, skills, and additional information regarding the Civil Service Administrator role are detailed below:

About the Role of Civil Service Administrator	Oversees administrative functions within government departments to ensure seamless service delivery, policy implementation, and operational efficiency. Serves as a liaison between senior officials, other departments, and the public.
Important Responsibilities of Civil Service Administrator	– Execute daily administrative and operational tasks for smooth departmental functioning. – Maintain and secure records and information systems. – Respond to public and internal inquiries, escalating complex issues when necessary. – Compile data, conduct research, and prepare reports to aid decision-making.
Work Environment	– Predominantly office-based in government offices at local, regional, or national levels. – Structured environment requiring adherence to civil service ethics, impartiality, and professionalism.
Skills and Attributes Required for Civil Service Administrator	– Strong organisational and administrative skills. – Effective written and verbal communication. – Analytical thinking and ability to understand complex policies. – Teamwork, adaptability, and attention to detail.
Additional Information	Provides exposure to policy formulation and strategic departmental initiatives, creating opportunities for career progression into management or senior policy roles.
Average Salary	INR 6,00,000 – INR 12,00,000 per year

2. Crime Scene Investigator (CSI)

The Crime Scene Investigator (CSI), also referred to as a Scenes of Crime Officer (SOCO) in some regions, plays a vital role in the criminal justice system by scientifically analysing and preserving evidence from crime scenes. CSIs ensure that physical evidence is collected methodically and accurately, supporting law enforcement in investigations and legal proceedings. The position demands precision, scientific expertise, and strict compliance with protocols to maintain the integrity of evidence. CSIs combine fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and reporting duties, often operating under pressure in challenging and dynamic environments to provide impartial, fact-based findings critical to solving crimes.

The specific responsibilities, work environment, skills, and additional information regarding the Crime Scene Investigator role are detailed below:

About the Role of Crime Scene Investigator	Conducts scientific examination and documentation of crime scenes, ensuring evidence is collected, preserved, and analysed according to legal and forensic standards. Provides objective findings to assist investigators and support prosecutions.
Important Responsibilities	– Secure and assess crime scenes to prevent contamination. – Document the scene using notes, measurements, photography, and videography. – Collect and process physical evidence including fingerprints, DNA, trace materials, and ballistic data. – Prepare detailed reports and testify in court regarding evidence and procedures followed.
Work Environment	– Primarily field-based, responding to crime scenes around the clock. – Involves exposure to unpredictable, potentially hazardous, or emotionally distressing environments. – Includes administrative and laboratory tasks for evidence analysis and report preparation.
Skills and Attributes	– Strong observation and analytical abilities. – Knowledge of forensic science and legal protocols. – Precision, attention to detail, and ethical integrity. – Clear communication for technical reporting and courtroom testimony.
Additional Information	Plays a crucial role in criminal investigations and prosecutions, providing unbiased, scientifically validated evidence to support justice outcomes. Opportunities exist for specialisation in areas like digital forensics, DNA analysis, or forensic toxicology.
Average Salary	INR 4,00,000 – INR 10,00,000 per year

3. Prison Officer

The Prison Officer, also known as a Correctional Officer in some regions, plays a pivotal role in maintaining security, order, and rehabilitation within correctional facilities. Officers balance enforcement responsibilities with efforts to support positive behavioural change among inmates, ensuring both public safety and offender welfare. The position demands vigilance, emotional intelligence, and strong interpersonal skills while navigating challenging, fast-paced environments. Officers engage in supervision, conflict management, case oversight, and administrative duties, contributing directly to the safe and effective operation of prisons and rehabilitation programs.

The specific responsibilities, work environment, skills, and additional information regarding the Prison Officer role are detailed below:

About the Role of Prison Officer	Ensures the safety, security, and welfare of inmates, staff, and visitors within correctional facilities. Supports rehabilitation programs while enforcing institutional rules and maintaining order.
Important Responsibilities	– Conduct regular security patrols, searches, and monitoring of prisoner activities. – Manage conflicts, de-escalate tense situations, and enforce prison regulations fairly. – Act as a Personal Officer or Case Manager, providing guidance, counselling, and program access to inmates. – Maintain accurate records and reports on behaviour, incidents, and disciplinary actions.
Work Environment	– Shift-based work in prisons, remand centres, and young offender institutions, including nights, weekends, and holidays. – Fast-paced and potentially confrontational, requiring high situational awareness and resilience.
Skills and Attributes	– Strong interpersonal and communication skills. – Critical thinking and quick decision-making under pressure. – Assertiveness, empathy, and integrity. – Physical fitness and emotional intelligence.
Additional Information	Offers exposure to rehabilitation strategies, correctional management, and leadership opportunities. Advanced academic qualifications in criminology, psychology, or public administration enhance career progression into managerial or policy roles.
Average Salary	INR 4,50,000 – INR 9,50,000 per year

4. Social Worker (Criminal Justice Focus)

The Social Worker specialising in criminal justice operates at the intersection of the legal system and human services, addressing the social, psychological, and economic factors that influence criminal behaviour. Professionals in this role work with offenders, victims, and their families to provide assessment, advocacy, and therapeutic support, ensuring equitable treatment and promoting successful rehabilitation. The position requires the ability to navigate complex legal frameworks while implementing interventions that reduce recidivism, support reintegration, and advance restorative justice. High emotional intelligence, analytical skills, and ethical judgement are essential for effective practice.

The specific responsibilities, work environment, skills, and additional information regarding the Social Worker (Criminal Justice Focus) role are detailed below:

About the Role of Social Worker	Applies social work principles within the criminal justice system, providing intervention, advocacy, and support to offenders, defendants, victims, and families. Focuses on rehabilitation, restorative justice, and recidivism reduction.
Important Responsibilities	– Conduct psychosocial assessments to inform court, sentencing, and treatment plans. – Develop and implement case management strategies coordinating housing, employment, mental health, and legal services. – Provide individual, group, and family counselling in correctional and community settings. – Facilitate offender re-entry into society and adherence to parole/probation conditions.
Work Environment	– Operates across prisons, juvenile detention centres, probation/parole offices, courts, victim advocacy organisations, and NGOs. – Frequently engages with individuals in crisis, requiring resilience and cultural competence.
Skills and Attributes	– Clinical assessment and diagnostic expertise. – Advocacy, mediation, and crisis intervention skills – Cultural sensitivity and ability to work with diverse populations. – Strong written communication for detailed reports and court testimony.
Additional Information	Advanced education such as MSW or dual degree programs enhances opportunities in clinical practice, policy-making, and administration within the justice system. Field placements and interdisciplinary training strengthen professional credibility.
Average Salary	INR 4,50,000 – INR 8,50,000 per year

5. Adult Guidance Worker

The Adult Guidance Worker, also referred to as a Careers Adviser or IAG Officer, supports adults in making informed decisions regarding education, training, and career progression. Professionals in this role assess skills, provide guidance on learning pathways, and facilitate employability by delivering workshops and personalised action plans. They also act as advocates, connecting clients with external support services and ensuring access to relevant resources. The position requires empathy, strong communication, and organisational skills to assist adults navigating career transitions, skills gaps, or economic challenges, while promoting social and professional inclusion.

The specific responsibilities, work environment, skills, and additional information regarding the Adult Guidance Worker role are detailed below:

About the Role of Adult Guidance Worker	Supports adult learners in education, career, and training decisions. Focuses on empowerment, employability, and lifelong learning.
Important Responsibilities	– Assess client needs using interviews and tools like skills inventories and personality tests. – Provide up-to-date guidance on education, vocational courses, apprenticeships, and labour market opportunities. – Develop personalised action plans with clear steps, timelines, and resources. – Deliver workshops to enhance job-seeking skills, CV preparation, and interview techniques. – Advocate and refer clients to external support services.
Work Environment	– Office-based with outreach in community centres, libraries, colleges, job centres, and occasionally correctional facilities. – Requires handling confidential client information with discretion and professionalism.
Skills and Attributes	– Strong communication, active listening, empathy, and patience. – Ability to manage caseloads and provide impartial advice. – Understanding of legislation, funding criteria, and vocational pathways. – Organisational, planning, and analytical capabilities.
Additional Information	Role aligns with regional and national objectives for economic inclusion, upskilling, and workforce participation. Professional qualifications enhance credibility and career progression.
Average Salary	INR 3,50,000 – INR 6,50,000 per year

6. Paralegal or Legal Assistant

Paralegals and Legal Assistants provide indispensable support to licensed attorneys by handling legal research, document preparation, and case management. Paralegals focus on substantive legal work such as drafting contracts, motions, and briefs, while Legal Assistants concentrate on administrative support, including scheduling, correspondence, and record maintenance. Both positions operate within confidential and fast-paced legal environments, requiring precision, analytical skills, and professional integrity. These roles enable attorneys to focus on strategy and litigation, while ensuring smooth, efficient case operations and adherence to legal standards.

The specific duties, work environment, skills, and additional information regarding Paralegal and Legal Assistant roles are detailed below:

About the Role of Paralegal or Legal Assistant	Supports attorneys in legal research, documentation, case management, and office operations. Paralegals focus on substantive legal tasks; Legal Assistants handle administrative and clerical responsibilities.
Important Responsibilities	– Conduct legal research on statutes, case law, and regulations. – Draft legal documents, including contracts, motions, affidavits, and pleadings. – Organise and manage client files, evidence, and discovery processes. – Interview clients and witnesses; summarise legal materials. – Schedule appointments, court appearances, and maintain correspondence. – Ensure accurate filing of documents with courts and agencies.
Work Environment	– Primarily in law firms, corporate legal departments, government agencies, or non-profit legal organisations.- Occasionally requires travel to courts, depositions, or client meetings.- Fast-paced, high-pressure, and confidential work environment.
Skills and Attributes	– Exceptional organisational and analytical skills. – Proficient in legal research software and document drafting. – Strong written and verbal communication. – High ethical standards, discretion, and attention to detail. – Ability to manage multiple priorities under tight deadlines.
Additional Information	Roles support attorneys’ efficiency, ensure proper case management, and provide a pathway for career progression from administrative positions to substantive legal work.
Average Salary	INR 3,00,000 – INR 6,00,000 per year

7. Housing Manager

The Housing Manager oversees the strategic and operational management of residential properties, often in the social or affordable housing sector. Responsibilities encompass tenancy administration, property maintenance, financial oversight, and resident support services. This role requires balancing regulatory compliance, financial performance, and social responsibility, ensuring properties are safe, well-managed, and contribute positively to community wellbeing. Housing Managers also coordinate with support services and contractors to deliver high-quality housing outcomes while fostering sustainable neighbourhoods.

The specific duties, work environment, skills, and additional information regarding Housing Manager roles are detailed below:

About the Role of Housing Manager	Manages residential property portfolios, ensures tenancy compliance, oversees property maintenance, and supports residents within social and affordable housing sectors.
Important Responsibilities	– Administer tenancy agreements, including allocations, sign-ups, and legal compliance. – Manage budgets, service charges, and rent collection. – Oversee property inspections, maintenance schedules, and contractor management. – Engage with residents, address disputes, and connect vulnerable tenants to relevant services. – Ensure properties meet health, safety, and regulatory standards.
Work Environment	– Office-based within housing organisations, with frequent site visits and tenant interactions. – Professionally demanding and involves managing sensitive issues and community conflicts. – Requires discretion, resilience, and strong interpersonal skills.
Skills and Attributes	– Knowledge of housing legislation, property management, and social policy. – Strong financial and budgetary management skills. – Leadership, negotiation, and conflict resolution abilities. – Effective communication and stakeholder engagement.
Additional Information	Focused on maintaining financial viability, preserving property assets, and creating social value by ensuring safe and thriving communities.
Average Salary	INR 5,00,000 – INR 9,00,000 per year

8. Local Government Officer

A Local Government Officer is responsible for implementing council policies, managing public services, and coordinating operational functions within municipal, city, or county authorities. This position ensures the smooth delivery of services such as housing, planning, social support, finance, and environmental management. Officers act as a bridge between elected officials, residents, and partner organisations, translating political priorities into effective and efficient community outcomes.

The specific responsibilities, work environment, skills, and additional information regarding Local Government Officer roles are detailed below:

About the Role of Local Government Officer	Executes policies, supervises service delivery, manages projects, and engages with residents to ensure community needs are met efficiently.
Important Responsibilities	– Implement council policies and administrative workflows. – Manage public service delivery, including contracts and external partnerships. – Conduct research, prepare reports, and provide policy recommendations. – Serve as liaison with residents, businesses, community groups, and external agencies. – Oversee budgets, monitor projects, and ensure compliance with standards and regulations.
Work Environment	– Office-based within council buildings, with occasional site visits and community meetings. – Hybrid working models are increasingly common. – Requires professionalism, impartiality, and adaptability across service areas.
Skills and Attributes	– Strong analytical and data interpretation abilities. – Excellent communication and stakeholder engagement skills. – Organisational, project management, and problem-solving capabilities. – Political neutrality, sound judgment, and attention to compliance.
Additional Information	Strategic focus on converting political direction into practical outcomes, improving public service efficiency, and enhancing local community well-being.
Average Salary	INR 4,50,000 – INR 8,50,000 per year

9. Solicitor or Lawyer or Penologist

Solicitors (Lawyers) and Penologists represent complementary careers within the legal and criminal justice systems, combining client advocacy, legal expertise, and correctional research. Solicitors primarily engage in advisory, transactional, and litigation work, providing expert guidance to clients and managing legal matters across civil and criminal law. Penologists focus on the study, analysis, and improvement of correctional systems, offering research-driven recommendations for prison management, rehabilitation programs, and policy reforms. Both roles demand academic rigour, ethical conduct, and professional specialisation.

The specific responsibilities, work environment, skills, and additional information for these professions are outlined below:

About the Role of Solicitor or Lawyer or Penologist	Important Responsibilities & Work Environment	Skills, Additional Info & Average Salary (INR)
Solicitor or Lawyer	– Advises clients on legal rights, obligations, and strategies. – Drafts contracts, agreements, wills, and corporate documents. – Conducts litigation support, legal research, and alternative dispute resolution. – Represents clients in lower courts or instructs advocates for higher courts. Work Environment: Office-based in law firms, corporate legal departments, or government offices; may require travel for hearings or negotiations.	– Strong analytical and research abilities. – Effective negotiation and advocacy skills. – Superior written and verbal communication. – Commercial awareness and ethical integrity. Focused on protecting client interests, ensuring legal compliance, and achieving favourable outcomes in transactional and dispute contexts. Average Salary: INR 5,00,000 – INR 15,00,000 per year
Penologist	– Conducts research on correctional practices, rehabilitation programs, and punishment systems. – Advises on prison administration, population management, and policy reforms. – Develops and evaluates rehabilitative programs for offenders. – Publishes academic research and contributes to policy development. Work Environment: Universities, think tanks, government agencies, NGOs, and sometimes within correctional facilities for field research.	– Advanced research and statistical analysis skills. – In-depth knowledge of criminology, sociology, and correctional theory. – Policy formulation and academic writing. – Critical thinking and presentation skills. Strategically focused on improving correctional systems, reducing recidivism, and promoting evidence-based criminal justice policies. Average Salary: INR 6,00,000 – INR 12,00,000 per year

10. Private Security or Risk Management Consultant

Private Security Professionals and Risk Management Consultants represent distinct yet complementary career paths focused on protecting assets, personnel, and organisational operations. Private Security Professionals are operational specialists responsible for physical protection, surveillance, and immediate threat response, often engaging directly with people, property, and sensitive information. Risk Management Consultants operate strategically, identifying, analysing, and mitigating potential threats to an organisation’s objectives, reputation, and financial stability. Both roles require professionalism, situational awareness, and specialised training or qualifications.

The specific responsibilities, work environment, skills, and additional information for these professions are detailed below:

Role of Private Security or  Risk Management Consultant	Important Responsibilities & Work Environment	Skills, Additional Info & Average Salary
Private Security Professional	– Conducts physical security, patrols, and surveillance using technology and observation. – Responds to emergencies, incidents, and security breaches. – Provides executive or asset protection, including bodyguard services. – Enforces loss prevention protocols in corporate or retail environments. Work Environment: Static posts, mobile patrols, executive protection, or event security; may involve nights, weekends, and non-standard hours.	– Vigilance and observational skills. – Knowledge of security technology and procedures. – Calm, decisive response in high-pressure situations. – Strong communication, de-escalation, and conflict management. Focused on proactive prevention and immediate threat mitigation. Licenses or certifications are often mandatory. Average Salary: INR 3,00,000 – INR 8,00,000 per year
Risk Management Consultant	– Identifies, assesses, and quantifies organisational risks (financial, operational, strategic, regulatory). – Designs mitigation strategies, controls, and business continuity plans. – Advises on compliance, governance, and regulatory requirements. – Produces reports and presentations to guide executive decision-making. Work Environment: Corporate headquarters, professional service firms, financial institutions; frequent client site visits; high-level interaction with executives.	– Advanced quantitative and qualitative analysis.- Enterprise risk management expertise. – Problem-solving, presentation, and client advisory skills. – Strategic thinking for long-term organisational resilience. Focused on integrating risk management into strategic and operational decisions, protecting capital, and supporting informed growth. Advanced degrees and professional certifications highly valued. Average Salary: INR 8,00,000 – 25,00,000 per year

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Best Industries Hiring Criminologists

Following the overview of roles such as Solicitor, Penologist, and other correctional professions, graduates and professionals with criminology expertise can find opportunities across a range of sectors. These industries leverage analytical, investigative, and policy-oriented skills developed through criminology training, enabling professionals to contribute beyond traditional justice and correctional settings.

Best Industries Hiring Criminologists	Opportunities for the Industries	Work Environment & Skills Required
Law Enforcement & Public Safety	Crime analysis, intelligence gathering, investigative support, and community policing initiatives	Office-based and field assignments; strong analytical, investigative, and report-writing skills; ability to work under pressure
Correctional Services & Rehabilitation	Offender profiling, rehabilitation program design, probation and parole monitoring	Correctional facilities, community offices; requires empathy, counselling skills, conflict resolution, and policy understanding
Legal & Forensic Consultancy	Case analysis, criminal profiling, expert testimony, forensic research	Law firms, forensic labs, investigative agencies; attention to detail, analytical thinking, courtroom communication, evidence handling
Government & Policy Development	Crime trend evaluation, public safety research, legislative advice, policy formulation	Government departments, think tanks, NGOs; strong research, statistical analysis, policy writing, and stakeholder engagement
Private Security & Risk Management	Threat assessment, risk mitigation, compliance monitoring, security planning	Corporate offices, security consultancies; risk analysis, problem-solving, strategic planning, and knowledge of security regulations
Academia & Research Institutions	Teaching, scholarly research, interdisciplinary projects, policy evaluation	Universities and research centres; advanced research skills, academic writing, presentation, and mentoring capabilities

Criminologists enjoy versatile career opportunities across public, private, and academic sectors. Building on strong analytical, investigative, and policy-oriented skills, professionals can make tangible contributions to public safety, justice, and social well-being. Roles span from direct fieldwork and offender rehabilitation to research, consultancy, and strategic advisory positions, making criminology a highly adaptable and impactful career choice.

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