Chemistry Project Ideas for Class 12 with Free Samples

Chemistry projects are a crucial part of the Class 12 curriculum, offering students hands-on experience in exploring scientific concepts and applications. From studying reaction rates and water purification techniques to experimenting with organic compounds and electrochemistry, these projects provide valuable insights into real-world chemistry. Engaging in experiments helps students deepen their understanding, boosts critical thinking skills, and adds practical knowledge beneficial for exams and future studies.

Top 15 Chemistry Project Ideas for Class 12 Students: Engaging & Practical Topics

Study of the pH Levels of Common Household Substances

• Analyze and compare the pH levels of everyday substances, such as vinegar, lemon juice, baking soda solution, etc.
• Explain the role of pH in food preservation and its significance in daily life.

Electrochemical Cells: Types and Applications

• Create simple galvanic cells with household items (lemon, copper wires, nails) to demonstrate electrochemical principles.
• Describe applications of electrochemical cells in batteries and power sources.

Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Chemical Reactions

• Investigate how varying temperatures affect reaction rates using reactions like the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide or baking soda and vinegar.
• Discuss concepts like activation energy and practical applications in industry.

Preparation and Uses of Soap and Detergent

• Make soap or detergent at home and study its properties, including pH and cleaning efficacy.
• Compare soap and detergent and explain their environmental impact.

Water Purification Techniques

• Demonstrate and test methods like filtration, distillation, and activated charcoal.
• Explain the importance of water purification and compare techniques in terms of effectiveness and cost.

Study of Hardness of Water

• Test water samples from various sources for hardness and understand the role of calcium and magnesium ions.
• Explain water softening techniques and their impact on daily life, especially in appliances.

Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Plastics

• Create a comparative analysis of biodegradable versus non-biodegradable plastics.
• Discuss environmental impacts and future possibilities for sustainable materials.

Effect of Different Catalysts on Reaction Rate

• Use catalysts such as manganese dioxide with hydrogen peroxide and observe the effect on reaction speed.
• Explain the importance of catalysts in industrial chemical processes.

Extraction and Analysis of Essential Oils

• Extract essential oils from plants like lavender or orange peels and analyze their composition.
• Discuss uses in aromatherapy and skincare, as well as extraction methods.

Study of Acids and Bases in Food

• Investigate acids and bases present in food, like citric acid in citrus fruits or acetic acid in vinegar.
• Explain how these compounds affect taste and preservation.

Chemical Analysis of Different Tea Varieties

• Analyze the chemical composition (e.g., caffeine, tannins) of different tea types.
• Discuss health benefits and differences based on chemical content.

Understanding Colloidal Systems

• Make simple colloidal systems, like milk or gelatin, and study their properties.
• Explain applications in food, medicine, and daily life products.

DNA Extraction from Fruits

• Conduct a DNA extraction experiment using simple kitchen materials with fruits like bananas or strawberries.
• Explore the chemical process behind DNA extraction and its applications in genetics.

Green Chemistry: Eco-friendly Practices in Daily Life

• Explore green chemistry methods, such as making bio-plastics or natural dyes.
• Discuss how green chemistry can minimize environmental impact.

Chemical Kinetics of the Iodine Clock Reaction

• Perform the iodine clock reaction to study reaction rates and analyze the effect of concentration.
• Explain real-world applications of chemical kinetics in medicine and industry.

Popular Chemistry Project for Class 12

Since you have got comparatively less time to study for your board exams, it is advisable to prepare your chemistry project easily and simply to explain. Given below are the details about the most popular chemistry project for class 12.

Adsorption 

A process that leads to the transfer of a substance from fluid bulk to a solid surface, because of the forces of chemical bonds is called Adsorption. In this, the gaseous or liquid particles bind to a solid surface called adsorbate and form a molecular or atomic adsorbate film. Adsorption is usually a reversible process and in most cases, it is described at equilibrium which quantifies the amount which is equal to the amount of substance attached to the surface given and the concentration in the fluid. This is a popular concept among students for the chemistry project for class 12.

Synthesis of Aspirin

One of the choicest Chemistry projects for class 12 students is the making of Aspirin which is a common name for a compound named acetylsalicylic acid, majorly used as a pain killer in our day-to-day use. It is derived from salicylic acid, which is a natural product originating from the bark extracts of the willow family of plants, and was earlier used as a home remedy for curing headaches and fever. As the salicylic acid is bitter and irritating for the stomach, it is administered in the form of aspirin which proves to be less irritating.

Project Details

Here are some of the chemistry projects for class 12th explained briefly:

Sterilization of Water Using Bleaching Powder

Aim: The following experiment is conducted to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required for the sterilization or purification of different samples of water.

Theory: Bleaching powder or Calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)] is a very common way to disinfect drinking water with accurate scientific details. By using 5 drops of bleaching power for 2 litres of water, the chemical is set to sit for half an hour which can then make it safe for drinking. Bleaching powder also reacts with decaying levels and has lesser health risks than other chemical compounds like THMs.

Requirements: 250ml measuring flask, weight box, Burette, titration flask, 100ml graduated cylinder glazed tile, glass wool, bleaching Powder, 10% KI solution, Glass wool, Sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1 N Na2S2O3), different samples of water, starch solution.

Analysis of Fertilizer

Aim: The objective of this experiment is to examine the refractive index of water using a travelling microscope.

Theory: Refraction is a phenomenon when the direction of light changes while traveling from one transparent medium to another. A refractive index is measured by calculating the ratio of the velocity of light from one medium to another. 

Requirements:  A beaker, a paper piece, a coin, and a traveling microscope.

Presence of Oxalate Ions in Guava Fruit and Different Stages of Ripening

Aim: To analyze the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening.

Theory: Carboxylic acids- primarily found in animals and plants- are produced in our body by the conversion of Vitamin C to oxalate. Excessive oxalate in our urine can cause hyperoxaluria (kidney stones).

Requirements: 100ml. Measuring flask burette, pestle and mortar, beaker, funnel, weighing machine, papers, filter, dilute H2SO4, L (N /10) KMnO4 solution.

Effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a Food Preservative

Aim: The objective of this project is to analyze the effect of Potassium bisulfite as a food preservative under different conditions.

Theory: Different food materials undergo natural changes due to environmental factors like temperature, time, and enzymes which make them decayed or inconsumable. The use of potassium bisulphite (KHSO3) effectively can preserve the food material by checking its concentration under different conditions.

Requirements: Beaker, glass bottles, balance, peeler, pestle and mortar, fresh fruits, knife, potassium bisulphite and sugar.

Quantity of Presence of Casein in Different Samples of Milk

Aim: To analyze the Quantity of the presence of casein in different samples of milk.

Theory: Caseins are proteins found in milk and the most common form is sodium caseinate. When milk is kept out for a long time, the bacteria present convert it into lactic acid, making it sour. The casein of milk starts precipitating in acidic conditions. 

Requirements: Conical flask, Funnel, Beakers, Measuring cylinder(100 mL), Watch glass, Filter paper, 1% acetic acid, Different samples of milk, Glass rod.

Extraction of various essential oils present in Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom), and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)

Aim: To extract essential oil present in  Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom), and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)

Theory: Essential oils have pleasant odours and are used are flavouring agents in food. They comprise complex mixtures and are also useful in insecticides and medical purposes. They are mostly concentrated in seeds or flowers but can be extracted from plants by steam distillation which reduces the risk of decomposition of essential oils. 

Requirements: Round bottom flask (500 ml), conical flask, Steam generator (Copper Vessel),  condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separatory funnel, tripod stands, burners, Ajwain(Carum), Petroleum ether(60-80°C), Saunf(Aniseed).

Surface Chemistry Colloidal Solutions

Aim: To study the surface chemistry of colloidal solutions.

Theory:  Colloids are homogenous solutions that contain separate phases. The dispersed phase consists of particles that are evenly distributed in the continuous phase. Some colloids exhibit the phenomenon of the Tyndall effect which makes them translucent (Scattering of light by colloidal particles.). Gums are secreted by stems of trees and are natural polysaccharides. On heating with water, this soluble substance gets hydrolyzed and yields several monosaccharides which leads to a colloidal solution. 

Requirements: Two beakers (250 ml. and 50 ml.), Funnel,  wire gauze,  glass rod, tripod-stand, burner, filter papers, distilled water (100 ml), Arabic gum 4.5 g

Paper Chromatography

Aim: To analyze ink components in black markers/pens using paper chromatography.

Theory: Chromatography is used to separate the components from complex mixtures. Ink manufacturers mix various colours to make newer ones. Paper chromatography helps separate different ingredients by attracting them to alcohol or water. 

Requirements: 100 mL beaker, 500 mL beaker, 90% isopropyl alcohol, Mini binder clips (2), Wooden splints, Different black pens and markers. 

Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy

Aim: To study the potential application of nano-gold for cancer therapy.

Theory: The latest method of cancer treatment includes using particles of nano-gold to absorb light from infrared lasers and destroy a tumour. It is slightly challenging because the light must not harm the healthy tissues.

Requirements: Vial of nano-gold  (red, pink, blue) suspensions, Vial of water with yellow food colouring, Flask of coloured water (red, pink, blue), LED flashlights, Magnet board (from Seeing Scale), Red theatrical gel.

Electrolyte Turns on the Solar Cell

Aim: To study how electrolytes and different objects influence the solar cell’s output energy.

Theory: Solar cells have more energy output when the material is blended well. Through this experiment, various objects and substances with different measures are used to impact the output energy of a solar cell.

Requirements:  10 ml vinegar, 6g Titanium Dioxide, dishwashing detergent,  TiO2 solution, berries, water, glass slides, and multimeter. 

100 Top Chemistry Projects for Class 12

Apart from these two popular choices for the chemistry project for class 12 students, you can decide and design a project based on your own choices and depending on the available resources. Given below is the list of the top 100 ideas that you can choose to prepare your chemistry project for class 12 CBSE easily:

1. Sterilization of water using bleaching powder
2. Analysis of fertilizer
3. Chemistry in black and white photography
4. Presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening
5. Effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a food preservative
6. Quantity of the presence of casein in different samples of milk
7. Extraction of various essential oils present in Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom) and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)
8. Surface chemistry colloidal solutions
9. Paper chromatography
10. Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy
11. Electrolyte turns on the solar cell
12. Effects of Dye on different types of fabric
13. Comparative study of the rate of fermentation in the following substances- potato juice, wheat flour, carrot juice, gram flour, etc.
14. Common food adulterants in fat, butter, oil, turmeric powder, pepper, chilli powder, sugar, etc.
15. Measuring solubility of saturated solutions
16. Measure the amount of acetic acid in vinegar
17. Determination of contents in cold drinks
18. Removal of alcohol from the body through Esterification
19. Study of diffusion of solids in liquids
20. Compare the rate of evaporation of water
21. Check the ions present in a toothpaste
22. Water concentration and texture
23. Study the effects of metal coupling on the rate of corrosion
24. Effects of voltage and concentration
25. Effect of heat on vitamin C in tomatoes
26. Removal of natural pigments by the interaction of oxygen and UV lights
27. Uses of exothermic reactions
28. Production of Hydrogen
29. Reversible sunglasses
30. Biodiesel formation
31. Determining the amount of phosphate in detergents
32. Preparation of Potash Alum
33. Variation of conductance with temperature in electrolytes
34. Measurement of the diffusion coefficient in liquids
35. Preparation of soya bean milk
36. Determining caffeine in tea samples
37. Catalytic decomposition
38. Presence of pesticides and insecticides in fruits and vegetables
39. Properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays
40. Digestion of starch by salivary amylase
41. Invisible Ink: Modeling A Molecular Switch
42. Absorbing Ammonia
43. Effect of Acid Rain on Limestone Rock
44. Finding EMF of Electrochemical Cell
45. Alka-Seltzer Rocket Race
46. The Visible Spectra of Soda Pops
47. Green Chemistry: Bio-Diesel and Bio-Petrol
48. Rate of Evaporation of Different Liquids
49. Lemon Ices
50. Red Cabbage pH paper
51. DNAs Secret Code
52. Amorphous Solids
53. Nanoparticle Stained Glass
54. Photolithography
55. Growing Crystals
56. Antibacterial Silver
57. To Determine the Ignition Property of Potassium Nitrate
58. Setting Of Mixture of Cement with Sand, Time and Fly Ash
59. Formation Of Biodiesel
60. Electrochemical Cell
61. The Neutralizing Ability of Antacid Tablets
62. Modelling Zeolites
63. Investigating the Strength of Paper
64. Microscope Activity
65. Slicing Ice
66. Invisible Sunblock
67. Microencapsulation
68. Using Zeolites as a Fertilizer
69. What Keeps The Baby Dry
70. Popcorn Towers
71. Vitamin C in Fruit Juices
72. Optimal Temperature for the Decomposition
73. Luminescent Silole Nanoparticles for Chromium (VI) Detection
74. Dyeing of Wool, Silk and Cotton in Malachite Green
75. Effect Of Sodium Carbonate On the Foaming Capacity Of A Soap
76. Environmental Pollution
77. Discoveries In The Field Of Chemistry
78. Which of the Plant Materials Used
79. Which Road Deicer Corrodes Steel the Most?
80. Extraction of Nicotine Sulphate from Samples of Cigarettes
81. Fermentation
82. Fuel Go Boom
83. Get More Hydrogen from Your Water
84. Investigation Of Foaming Capacity Of Different Washing Soap
85. Measuring Solubility
86. Mohr’s salt
87. Acid vs. Teeth
88. Why Are the Apples Brown
89. Percentage Purity Of Iron Wire
90. Preparation Of Cuprammonium Rayon Threads
91. Preparation of Ink
92. Preparation of Toilet Soaps
93. Study of Constituents of an Alloy
94. Study of Diffusion of Solids in Liquids
95. To Analyze a Sample of Brass Qualitatively
96. To Prepare a Smoke Bomb
97. Acidity In Tea
98. Aldol Condensation
99. Analysis Of Honey
100. Comparing Lactose Percentage between Whole Milk and Powdered Milk

Also Read: Chemistry Reference Books for Class 12

Sample Chemistry Project PPT for Class 12

cbse class 12th, chemistry investigatory project from NIKHIL DWIVEDI

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