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Looking for NCERT Class 11 Geography Chapter 3 Interior of the Earth Solutions? This blog provides clear, well-explained answers to all the exercise questions from Chapter 3 of the Fundamentals of Physical Geography textbook. These easy explanations will help you prepare better for your exams. Whether you’re studying for a test or want to understand the chapter for class discussions, this guide will make everything easier to learn. You can also download a free PDF of the solutions to revise anytime you want.
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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Fundamentals of Geography Chapter 3 Interior of the Earth
These NCERT solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 3, Interior of the Earth, will help you prepare effectively for your exams. By studying the explanations thoroughly and regularly revising the key concepts, you can score well.
1. Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Which one of the following earthquake waves is more destructive?
(a) P-waves
(b) S-waves
(c) Surface waves
(d) None of the above
(ii) Which one of the following is a direct source of information about the interior of the earth?
(a) Earthquake waves
(b) Volcanoes
(c) Gravitational force
(d) Earth magnetism
(iii) Which type of volcanic eruptions have caused Deccan Trap formations?
(a) Shield
(b) Flood
(c) Composite
(d) Caldera
(iv) Which one of the following describes the lithosphere:
(a) Upper and lower mantle
(b) Crust and upper mantle
(c) Crust and core
(d) Mantle and core
Solutions:
(i) (c) Surface waves
(ii) (b) Volcanoes
(iii) (b) Flood
(iv) (b) Crust and upper mantle
Also Read:
- NCERT Solutions and Notes for Class 7 Geography Chapter 7: Life in the Deserts (Free PDF)
- NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Globe ‘Latitudes and Longitudes’: Notes and Solutions (Free PDF)
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What are body waves?
(ii) Name the direct sources of information about the interior of the earth.
(iii) Why do earthquake waves develop shadow zone?
(iv) Briefly explain the indirect sources of information of the interior of the earth other than those of seismic activity.
Solutions:
(i) Body waves are seismic waves that travel through the interior (body) of the Earth. They are generated during an earthquake and are classified into P-waves (primary) and S-waves (secondary).
(ii) The direct sources of information about the Earth’s interior include volcanic eruptions, deep mining activities, deep drilling projects like boreholes, and rock samples obtained from the Earth’s crust and upper mantle through scientific studies.
(iii) Shadow zones are created because P-waves are refracted and S-waves are completely blocked by the Earth’s liquid outer core, creating regions on the Earth’s surface where no waves are recorded.
(iv) Indirect sources include measuring gravity, studying magnetic changes, checking heat flow from Earth, examining meteorites, and calculating Earth’s mass and movement. These help scientists understand Earth’s inner layers without directly seeing or touching them.
3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) What are the effects of propagation of earthquake waves on the rock mass through which they travel?
(ii) What do you understand by intrusive forms? Briefly describe various intrusive forms.
Solution:
(i) When earthquake waves move through rocks, they cause the rocks to shake and change shape. At first, this shaking only bends the rocks slightly, and they return to their original shape after the waves pass. This is called elastic deformation. However, if the shaking is strong, it can cause the rocks to crack, break, or permanently change shape. Small cracks already present in the rock may grow larger, and new cracks can form. This process weakens the rock mass by reducing the natural grip and strength between the rock particles or blocks. In rocks that already have joints, fractures, or faults, the shaking can cause the pieces to slip or move more easily. This can lead to more damage, such as landslides, rock falls, or ground collapse. Overall, the effect of earthquake waves on rock masses is to reduce their strength and stability, which can lead to serious changes on the earth’s surface during and after an earthquake.
(ii) Intrusive forms are landforms created when hot, molten magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth’s surface. These formations take on various shapes and sizes based on the magma’s location and movement through the surrounding rock layers. Different types of intrusive forms include: Batholiths are the largest intrusive forms, found deep underground, with a dome-like shape.
- Laccoliths are smaller, dome-shaped bodies with a flat base and rounded top, formed when magma pushes the overlying rocks upward.
- Lopoliths are large, saucer-shaped intrusions with a bowl-like or concave top, usually formed when magma settles in a downward curve.
- Phacoliths are lens-shaped intrusions that form along the folds of bent rock layers.
- Sills are flat, sheet-like intrusions that spread horizontally between layers of rock.
- Dykes are vertical or steeply slanted walls of solidified magma that cut across rock layers.
- Stocks are smaller versions of batholiths, covering a limited area.
Download NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Fundamentals of Geography Chapter 3 Interior of the Earth
Download NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography Fundamentals of Geography Chapter 3 Interior of the Earth to prepare well for your exams. These solutions explain all the questions and important concepts in simple language, making it easier for you to understand and score better in your exams.
Also Read:
- NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 ‘Major Domains of the Earth’: Notes and Solutions (Free PDF)
- NCERT Class 7 Geography Chapter 3 ‘Our Changing Earth’: Notes and Solutions (Free PDF)
Download NCERT Solutions of Class 11 Fundamentals of Geography here:
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