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Geography is more than just maps and places, it’s a bridge between the natural world and human society. In NCERT Class 11 Geography Chapter 1: Geography as a Discipline, students are introduced to the fundamental concepts that define geography as an academic subject. To help students grasp these ideas more effectively, we’ve provided detailed solutions to the exercises in this chapter. These solutions are designed to simplify complex topics, clarify key concepts, and support students in building a strong foundation in the subject.
Explore Notes of Class 11 Fundamentals of Geography
| Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 |
Exercises
1. Multiple choice questions
(i) Which one of the following scholars coined the term ‘Geography’?
(a) Herodotus
(b) Erathosthenese
(c) Galileo
(d) Aristotle
(ii) Which one of the following features can be termed as ‘physical feature’?
(a) Port
(b) Road
(c) Plain
(d) Water park
(iii) Make correct pairs from the following two columns and mark the correct option.
| 1. Meteorology | A. Population Geography |
| 2. Demography | B. Soil Geography |
| 3. Sociology | C. Climatology |
| 4. Pedology | D. Social Geography |
(a) 1B,2C,3A,4D
(b) 1A,2D,3B,4C
(c) 1D,2B,3C,4A
(d) 1C,2A,3D,4B
(iv) Which one of the following questions is related to cause-effect relationship?
(a) Why
(b) Where
(c) What
(d) When
(v) Which one of the following disciplines attempts temporal synthesis?
(a) Sociology
(b) Geography
(c) Anthropology
(d) History
Solutions:
(i) a
(ii) c
(iii) d
(iv) a
(v) d
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words
(i) What important cultural features do you observe while going to school? Are they similar or dissimilar? Should they be included in the study of geography or not? If yes, why?
(ii) You have seen a tennis ball, a cricket ball, an orange and a pumpkin. Which one amongst these resembles the shape of the Earth? Why have you chosen this particular item to describe the shape of the Earth?
(iii) Do you celebrate Van Mahotsava in your school? Why do we plant so many trees? How do the trees maintain ecological balance?
(iv) You have seen elephants, deer, earthworms, trees and grasses. Where do they live or grow? What is the name given to this sphere? Can you describe some of the important features of this sphere?
(v) How much time do you take to reach your school from your house? Had the school been located across the road from your house, how much time would you have taken to reach school? What is the effect of the distance between your residence and the school on the time taken in commuting? Can you convert time into space and vice versa?
Solutions:
(i) While going to school, we observe homes, shops, roads, and people. These cultural features vary and reflect human-environment interaction. Yes, they should be studied in geography to understand spatial relationships.
(ii) The shape of the Earth resembles a pumpkin because it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator, just like the Earth’s actual geoid or oblate spheroid shape.
(iii) Yes, we celebrate Van Mahotsava to promote tree planting. Trees maintain ecological balance by producing oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide, supporting biodiversity, preventing soil erosion, and regulating the water cycle.
(iv) Elephants, deer, earthworms, trees, and grasses live in the biosphere. It includes all living organisms and their habitats. It supports ecosystems, maintains ecological balance, and depends on air, water, and soil.
(v) If the school were across the road, I’d take only a minute. Longer distances increase travel time. Geography helps convert time into space and vice versa by analysing spatial relationships and movement.
3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) You observe every day in your surroundings that there is variation in natural as well as cultural phenomena. All the trees are not of the same variety. All the birds and animals you see, are different. All these different elements are found on the Earth. Can you now argue that geography is the study of “areal differentiation”?
(ii) You have already studied geography, history, civics and economics as parts of social studies. Attempt an integration of these disciplines highlighting their interface.
Solutions:
(i) Yes, geography can certainly be argued as the study of “areal differentiation” because it focuses on understanding how natural and cultural phenomena vary across different regions of the Earth. As mentioned in the blog, geography examines the spatial patterns and relationships that exist between various elements, both physical and human-made, in different locations. The differences in trees, animals, vegetation, climate, and human activities across regions highlight the concept of areal differentiation. For instance, the types of trees in one region may differ from those in another due to variations in climate, soil, and geography. Similarly, human cultures, settlements, and economies also vary greatly depending on the geographical area. Geography, by studying these variations, helps us understand why these differences exist and how they interact with each other. This process of observing and explaining such spatial variations is fundamental to the discipline of geography.
(ii) Geography, history, civics, and economics are interconnected disciplines that together offer a comprehensive understanding of human society and its development. Geography serves as the foundation, providing insights into the physical environment and spatial patterns, such as landforms, climate, and resources, which influence human activities. History traces the evolution of human societies, focusing on past events and how they shaped the present, often influenced by geographic factors like location and natural resources. Civics studies the political systems, governance, and societal structures that emerge from these historical processes and geographical contexts, helping us understand the relationship between citizens and the state. Economics examines how people and societies allocate resources, considering the impact of geography (e.g., availability of resources) and history (e.g., economic systems’ evolution) on economic practices. Together, these disciplines help explain the dynamic interactions between human societies, the environment, and economic systems, making geography a key integrating force among them.
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