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Finding the likely outcome involves applying a mathematical operation to the given statement through analytical reasoning. Analytical reasoning questions assess a candidate’s ability for logical thought and analysis. Statement and Argument, Statement and Assumption, Statement and Conclusion, Syllogism, Cause and Effect, and so on are some of the important themes in Analytical Reasoning.
The main concepts of analytical reasoning non verbal reasoning , its many forms, solved examples, practice questions, and strategies for answering questions related to analytical reasoning will all be covered in this article. To learn how to answer problems involving analytical reasoning with ease, thoroughly read the article.
Table of Contents
What is Analytical Reasoning Non Verbal Reasoning?
- Tests logical and analytical ability by performing mathematical operations on statements to find probable results.
Key Concepts in Analytical Reasoning Non Verbal Reasoning:
- Includes Statement and Argument, Statement and Assumption, Statement and Conclusion, Statement and Course of Action, Syllogism, Cause and Effects.
Types of Analytical Reasoning:
- Statement & Argument
- Statement & Assumption
- Cause & Effect
- Syllogism
Exams where Analytical Reasoning is Included: Bank Exams, SSC, LIC, RRB, UPSC, State PSC Exams
What is Analytical Reasoning Non Verbal Reasoning?
Analytical Reasoning questions assess a candidate’s ability for analysis. In competitive exams, this portion of logical and analytical thinking is one of the trickiest. Statement and Argument, Statement and Assumption, Statement and Conclusion, Statement and Course of Action, Syllogism, Cause and Effects, and so on are some of the important chapters in analytical thinking. Now, let’s examine some forms of analytical reasoning below.
Types of Analytical Reasoning
Let us see the various types of analytical reasoning questions one by one below:
- Statement & Argument: An argument in these kinds of analytical reasoning questions is a claim or a set of claims that provide opposing viewpoints and offer arguments for or against certain points of view. All potential questions from analytical reasoning, such as inferences, assumptions, courses of action, syllogisms, etc., are somehow related to argumentation, which makes the argument an important component of analytical reasoning.
- Statement & Assumption: An assumption is something we take for granted or make an assumption in these kinds of analytical reasoning questions. Candidates will be given certain statements and some assumptions in a variety of government exams. Upon reviewing the provided statements, applicants must make an informed choice. In this case, making the proper choice requires answering analytical reasoning problems with the appropriate assumption.
- Cause & Effect: Candidates must determine if the two statements presented in these kinds of analytical thinking questions are independent causes, effects of independent causes, or just a common cause. A cause is a prerequisite for an event to happen; it enhances the possibility of an event happening.
- Syllogism: Logical reasoning, particularly analytical reasoning, involves the use of syllogisms. There are a few statements in it, and applicants must draw their own inferences from them. Even though the claims and conclusions may not make sense, candidates must solve syllogism-related problems by assuming that the given statements are true.
Tips and Tricks to Solve Analytical Reasoning Questions
The following list of ideas and analytical thinking techniques will help candidates answer questions that they may encounter in government exams.
- Since the section on analytical thinking is one of the more difficult ones, applicants should carefully study the question before selecting their response.
- To answer the logical and analytical reasoning problems, applicants must thoroughly read the provided statement and consider their mathematical choices.
Statement & Argument Practice Set
Q1: Statement: The government should invest more in public transportation.
Argument: Yes, it will reduce traffic congestion and air pollution.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q2: Statement: Social media hurts mental health.
Argument: No, it provides a platform for expression and connection.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q3: Statement: Schools should abolish homework for students.
Argument: Yes, it promotes a healthier work-life balance for children.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q4: Statement: The company should implement a four-day workweek.
Argument: No, it will negatively impact productivity and deadlines.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q5:Statement: Technology has revolutionized the education system.
Argument: Yes, it provides access to a vast amount of educational resources.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q6:Statement: The government should enforce stricter gun control laws.
Argument: No, it violates citizens’ rights to bear arms for self-defense.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q7: Statement: Mandatory voting should be implemented in democratic countries.
Argument: Yes, it ensures active citizen participation in the democratic process.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q8: Statement: Space exploration is a waste of resources.
Argument: No, it advances scientific knowledge and technological innovation.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q9: Statement: College education should be free for all students. Argument: Yes, it promotes equal opportunities and societal progress.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Q10: Statement: Animal testing is necessary for medical research.
Argument: No, it raises ethical concerns and alternative methods exist.
a) Both the statement and argument are strong.
b) The statement is strong, but the argument is weak.
c) Both the statement and argument are weak.
d) The statement is weak, but the argument is strong.
Statement & Argument Answer key
| 1. (a) | 2. (b) | 3. (a) | 4. (d) | 5. (a) |
| 6. (d) | 7. (a) | 8. (d) | 9. (a) | 10. (d) |
Statement & Assumption Practice Set
Q1: Statement: The company is launching a new software product.
Assumption: Software products are in high demand in the market.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q2: Statement: The government is reducing subsidies for electric vehicles. Assumption: The reduction in subsidies will discourage the adoption of electric vehicles.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q3: Statement: The university is introducing a new course on artificial intelligence.
Assumption: There is a growing demand for professionals with expertise in artificial intelligence.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q4: Statement: The city is implementing strict traffic rules.
Assumption: Strict traffic rules will significantly reduce road accidents.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q5: Statement: The company is launching a new line of eco-friendly products.
Assumption: There is a growing consumer demand for environmentally sustainable products.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q6: Statement: The government is implementing a policy to reduce single-use plastics.
Assumption: Public awareness about environmental issues is increasing.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q7: Statement: The company is outsourcing its customer service operations.
Assumption: Outsourcing will lead to cost savings for the company.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q8: Statement: The government is introducing a new tax regime.
Assumption: The new tax regime will simplify the tax filing process.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q9:: Statement: The company is investing in employee training programs.
Assumption: Well-trained employees contribute to organizational success.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Q10: Statement: The city is constructing a new sports stadium.
Assumption: The new sports stadium will attract large crowds and boost tourism.
a) The assumption is valid.
b) The assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Statement & Assumption Answer key
| 1. (a) | 2. (b) | 3. (a) | 4. (b) | 5. (a) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6. (a) | 7. (a) | 8. (c) | 9. (a) | 10. (a) |
Cause & Effect Questions Practice Set
Q1: Statement 1: Heavy rainfall was recorded for several days.
Statement 2: Many areas experienced flooding.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q2: Statement 1: The company introduced employee wellness programs.
Statement 2: Employee productivity increased.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q3: Statement 1: The government implemented stricter traffic rules.
Statement 2: The number of road accidents decreased.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q4: Statement 1: The temperature rose significantly.
Statement 2: Ice cream sales increased.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q5: Statement 1: The company invested in advanced technology.
Statement 2: Productivity levels soared.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q6: Statement 1: Students attended extra study sessions.
Statement 2: Exam pass rates improved.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q7: Statement 1: The government increased taxes on tobacco products.
Statement 2: Smoking rates declined.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q8: Statement 1: The company introduced flexible work hours.
Statement 2: Employee satisfaction improved.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q9: Statement 1: Students participated in regular physical exercise.
Statement 2: Concentration levels in class increased.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Q10: Statement 1: The city planted more trees in public spaces.
Statement 2: Air quality improved.
a) Statement 1 is the cause of Statement 2.
b) Statement 2 is the cause of Statement 1.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Cause & Effect Questions Answer key
| 1. (a) | 2. (a) | 3. (a) | 4. (b) | 5. (a) |
| 6. (a) | 7. (a) | 8. (a) | 9. (a) | 10. (a) |
Syllogism Questions Practice Set
Q1. Statements:
- All dogs are mammals.
- Some cats are dogs. Conclusion:
- Some cats are mammals.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: a) True
Q2. Statements:
- All roses are flowers.
- Some flowers are not tulips. Conclusion:
- Some roses are not tulips.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: a) True
Q3.Statements:
- All politicians are charismatic.
- No scientists are politicians. Conclusion:
- No scientists are charismatic.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: a) True
Q4. Statements:
- All the pens in this store are expensive.
- Some items in this store are not pens. Conclusion:
- Some items in this store are expensive.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: a) True
Q5. Statements:
- Some birds are not eagles.
- No eagles are mammals. Conclusion:
- Some birds are not mammals.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: b) False
Q6.Statements:
- All elephants are animals.
- Some animals are herbivores.
Conclusion: Some elephants are herbivores.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: a) True
Q7. Statements:
- All smartphones are devices.
- No devices are waterproof.
Conclusion: No smartphones are waterproof.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: b) False
Q8.Statements:
- Some students are not athletes.
- All athletes are disciplined.
Conclusion: Some students are disciplined.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: c) Cannot be determined
9. Statements:
- All chefs are creative.
- Some creative people are not chefs.
Conclusion: Some chefs are not creative.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: b) False
Q10: Statements:
- Some clouds are not rain clouds.
- All rain clouds bring precipitation.
Conclusion: Some clouds do not bring precipitation.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined
Answer: a) True
Syllogism Questions Answer key
| 1. (a) | 2. (a) | 3. (a) | 4. (b) | 5. (b) |
| 6. (a) | 7. (b) | 8. (c) | 9. (b) | 10. (a) |
Analytical Reasoning Non Verbal Reasoning Sample Questions WIth Detailed Explanations
Practice questions and strategies for answering questions related to analytical reasoning in this section:
Q1.Statement: Should non-vegetarian food be banned in our country?
Argument: Yes, it is expensive and therefore beyond the means of most people in our country.
a) Strong argument.
b) Weak argument.
c) No argument presented.
Answer: b) Weak argument. Explanation: The argument is weak as the expense alone may not be a sufficient reason for a total ban on non-vegetarian food.
Q2.Statement: Should India declare itself as a Hindu country?
Arguments: Yes, Because Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 79.8% of the population identifying themselves as Hindu.
a) Strong argument.
b) Weak argument.
c) No argument presented.
Answer: b) Weak argument. Explanation: The argument is weak as the majority religion alone may not be a sufficient reason for declaring the country as Hindu.
Q3. Statement: The government should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.
Assumption: Current problems should be given more priority over the problems of the future.
a) Assumption is valid.
b) Assumption is invalid.
c) Insufficient information to determine.
Answer: a) Assumption is valid. Explanation: The assumption is valid as it aligns with the statement’s focus on immediate problems.
Q4. Statement: Folk music is disappearing from the country.
Assumptions: Folk music is sung only amongst communities and villages. Performing artists sing folk songs in various programs.
a) Both assumptions are implicit.
b) Only assumption I is implicit.
c) Neither assumption I nor II is implicit.
Answer: c) Neither assumption I nor II is implicit. Explanation: Both assumptions are not implicit as the statement provides no information about the demographics or venues of folk music.
Q5. Statement: A mid-day meal scheme is not a perfect solution to the nutrition problem, but has the added advantage of providing an incentive for parents to send their kids to school.
Conclusion: Mid-day meal scheme will improve the school attendance of children.
a) Inference is true.
b) Inference is false.
c) Cannot be inferred.
Answer: a) Inference is true. Explanation: The conclusion is likely true as free food can incentivize parents to send their children to school.
Q6.Statement: All those who have pride in their country and love for their motherland will not tolerate the remarks of the journalist.
Conclusion/Inference: Some people will find the remark of the journalist intolerable.
a) Inference is true.
b) Inference is false.
c) Cannot be inferred.
Answer: a) Inference is true. Explanation: The inference is likely true based on the given statement.
Q7. Statement: According to the news, a few terrorists are hiding inside an old building in Delhi.
Courses of action: I. The government should send Special Forces to Delhi. II. The government should offer them to shift to the outskirts of Delhi.
a) Only I follow.
b) Only II follows.
c) Both I and II follow.
Answer: a) Only I follow. Explanation: Sending Special Forces is a practical and immediate measure while offering them to shift is impractical.
Q8. Based on Cause & Effect Statements:
(a) The hospital has banned the use of cell phones by doctors when they are attending to patients in the OPD.
(b) The patients’ Union complained to the management that the cell phones of the doctors kept ringing and doctors got busy answering their calls reducing the attention they should be giving to the patients.
a) Statement (a) is the cause, and Statement (b) is the effect.
b) Statement (b) is the cause, and Statement (a) is the effect.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Answer: a) Statement (a) is the cause, and Statement (b) is the effect. Explanation: The ban on cell phones resulted from the complaint by the patients’ Union.
Q9.Based on Cause & Effect Statements: (a) A study has shown that whatever form of entertainment a person is exposed to in his/her formative years stays on with him/her for the rest of his/her life. (b) The young generation is always reminded by the old generation that the current level of entertainment is inferior to the old times.
a) Statement (a) is the cause, and Statement (b) is the effect.
b) Statement (b) is the cause, and Statement (a) is the effect.
c) Both statements are independent events.
Answer: a) Statement (a) is the cause, and Statement (b) is the effect. Explanation: The exposure in formative years is the cause, and the remainder by the old generation is the effect.
Q10. Statement: Studies have shown that spending too much time on your phone is bad for your focus and mental health. Courses of action: I. Most of the push notifications should be turned off. II. One should get a real alarm clock and avoid taking the mobiles to bed.
a) Both I and II follow.
b) Only I follow.
c) Only II follows.
Answer: a) Both I and II follow.
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