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From the 16th century to the 19th century, Mughal emperors ruled almost throughout India. Babur established the Mughal dynasty, which ruled from the 1500s until the middle of the 1800s. The emperors of the Mughal Empire, which ruled for 331 years, were all descended from the same family, known as the “Timurid house.” The “Battle of Panipat” led to the establishment of the Mughal Empire. This dynasty had many rulers, but the first six are considered to be the most powerful among all. This “Hindu subcontinent” was ruled by the Mughals who were Muslims. The “Taj Mahal,” “Red Fort,” and many other magnificent antiques were among the countless treasures they left behind.
Mughal Emperors and their Rule
Table of Contents
Babur was from the family of Chengiz Khan and Timur, who were the ‘Great Asian Conquerors.” Ibrahim Lodhi, the final King of the Lodhi Sultanate was defeated by Babur.
The Greater Mughals (1526–1707)
| Emperor | Reign | Notes |
| Babur | 1526 – 1530 | Founder of the Mughal Empire |
| Humayun | 1st Term: 1530 – 15402nd Term: 1555 – 1556 | Lost empire to Suri Dynasty, regained briefly |
| Akbar | 1556 – 1605 | Greatest Mughal ruler, major expansion |
| Jahangir | 1605 – 1627 | Known for justice and patronage of the arts |
| Shah Jahan | 1628 – 1658 | Built the Taj Mahal |
| Aurangzeb | 1658 – 1707 | Expanded empire to greatest extent |
The Later Mughals (1707–1857)
| Emperor | Reign | Notes |
| Bahadur Shah I | 1707 – 1712 | Son of Aurangzeb |
| Jahandar Shah | 1712 – 1713 | Weak ruler, short reign |
| Farrukhsiyar | 1713 – 1719 | Came to power with Sayyid brothers’ help |
| Rafi ud-Darjat | 1719 | Ruled for a few months |
| Rafi-ud-Daulat (Shah Jahan II) | 1719 | Brief rule; brother of Rafi ud-Darjat |
| Muhammad Ibrahim | 1720 | Proclaimed emperor but never widely accepted |
| Muhammad Shah | 1719 – 1748 | Long rule; Nadir Shah invasion (1739) |
| Ahmad Shah Bahadur | 1748 – 1754 | Weak ruler, empire declined further |
| Alamgir II | 1754 – 1759 | Puppet ruler, assassinated |
| Shah Jahan III | 1759 – 1760 | Nominal ruler |
| Shah Alam II | 1760 – 1806 | Defeated in Battle of Buxar (1764), nominal emperor |
| Akbar Shah II | 1806 – 1837 | Ruled under British influence |
| Bahadur Shah II (Zafar) | 1837 – 1857 | Last Mughal Emperor, exiled after 1857 Revolt |
Family Tree of Mughal Emperors
A total of 21 Mughal emperors are said to have ruled the Indian subcontinent, which also consists of Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
Did you Know?
Ziauddin Tucy, from the family of Timurid, is still alive. He is the sixth generation descendent of Bahadur Shah Zafar.
This is all about the Mughal family tree and the list of Mughal Emperors.
FAQs
Bahadur Shah I was the seventh ruler of the Mughal Empire. He was born in 1643 in Burhanpur and was originally named Muhammad Mu’azzam. His mother was Nawab Bai. After the death of his father, Aurangzeb, in 1707, he fought and defeated his elder brother Muhammad Azam Shah in the Battle of Jajau. After winning the battle, he became the emperor and ruled the Mughal Empire from 1707 to 1712.
Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb were the six most well-known rulers of the Mughal Empire. After Aurangzeb passed away in 1707, the empire started to weaken. In total, 21 Mughal emperors ruled over India, and their dynasty lasted for more than 300 years.
The 19th Mughal emperor was Akbar Shah II. He ruled from 1806 to 1837 and had very limited power under British control.
Akbar’s father was Humayun, the second emperor of the Mughal Empire. After losing his kingdom to Sher Shah Suri, Humayun spent many years in exile. During this time, Akbar was born in 1542 at Amarkot, where Humayun had taken refuge.
Relevant Blogs
| Who Is The Father Of Akbar? | Who Killed Aurangzeb? |
| Who was Akbar’s Son? | Who Defeated Akbar? |
| How Many Wives Did Akbar Have? | Who Built Humayun Tomb? |
| How did Jahangir Die? | How Akbar Died? |
| Who Defeated Jahangir? | Where is the Tomb of Jahangir? |
| Who Wrote Humayun Nama? | Who Wrote Akbarnama? |
This was the complete Mughal Empire List. If you want to know more about topics like this, then visit our general knowledge page! Alternatively, you can also read our blog on general knowledge for competitive exams!
