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These require you to identify specific details, facts, or information directly stated in the passage.
Read the following passage and answer accordingly.
‘Tissue and Aging‘
According to poet Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The surest poison is time.” In fact, biology confirms that many functions of the body decline with age. All the cells, tissues, and organs are affected by senescence (the process of deterioration) with noticeable variability between individuals owing to different genetic makeup and lifestyles. The outward signs of aging are easily recognizable. The skin and other tissues become thinner and drier, reducing their elasticity, contributing to wrinkles, and high blood pressure. Hair turns gray because follicles produce less melanin, the brown pigment of the hair, and the iris of the eye. The face looks flabby because elastic and collagen fibers decrease in connective tissue and muscle tone is lost.
Glasses and hearing aids may become parts of life as the senses slowly deteriorate, all due to reduced elasticity. Overall height decreases as the bones lose calcium and other minerals. With age, fluid decreases in the fibrous cartilage disks intercalated between the vertebrae in the spine. Joints lose cartilage and stiffen. Many tissues, including those in muscles, lose mass through a process called atrophy. Lumps and rigidity become more widespread. As a consequence, the passageways, blood vessels, and airways become more rigid. The brain and spinal cord lose mass. Nerves do not transmit impulses with the same speed and frequency as in the past. Some loss of thought clarity and memory can accompany aging. More severe problems are not necessarily associated with the aging process and may be symptoms of underlying illness. As exterior signs of aging increase, so do the interior signs, which are not as noticeable.
a. Humans get wrinkles as they age and as blood pressure becomes higher.
b. They are caused by a decrease in elasticity of the skin and tissues.
c. They are a result of the production of less melanin.
d. They form through a process called atrophy.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Tips To Remember
- Identify and mark key phrases related to the information
- Pay attention to the question wording and details in the passage.
- Cross out choices that are obviously incorrect
- Understand different ways information may be expressed.
- Allocate time wisely; don’t spend too long on a single question.
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