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These NCERT solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 10 will help you master the concepts of water in the atmosphere, including humidity, precipitation, and condensation. It offers clear, concise answers to all exercise questions from the Fundamentals of Physical Geography textbook, helping you understand key concepts like humidity, condensation, and precipitation. These solutions are crafted to enhance your understanding, help exam preparation, and support class discussions. It is Ideal for students aiming to excel; this resource simplifies complex topics in an accessible format. Download the free PDF to revise anytime and strengthen your knowledge of atmospheric water processes.
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Explore Notes of Class 11 Fundamentals of Geography
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Fundamentals of Geography Chapter 9: Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
These NCERT solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 10 will help you understand the role of water in the atmosphere. Regular revision of these answers will boost your exam performance.
1. Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Which one of the following is the most important constituent of the atmosphere for human beings?
(a) Water vapour
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Dust particle
(d) Oxygen
Solution:
(d) Oxygen: Oxygen is the most important constituent of the atmosphere for human beings as it is essential for respiration, supporting life and metabolic processes, unlike other components.
(ii) Which one of the following process is responsible for transforming liquid into vapour?
(a) Condensation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Evaporation
(d) Precipitation
Solution:
(c) Evaporation: Evaporation is the process by which liquid water transforms into water vapour due to heat energy, entering the atmosphere from surfaces like oceans, rivers, and lakes.
(iii) The air that contains moisture to its full capacity:
(a) Relative humidity
(b) Specific humidity
(c) Absolute humidity
(d) Saturated air
Solution:
(d) Saturated air: Saturated air contains the maximum amount of water vapour it can hold at a given temperature and pressure, beyond which condensation occurs.
(iv) Which one of the following is the highest cloud in the sky?
(a) Cirrus
(b) Stratus
(c) Nimbus
(d) Cumulus
Solution:
(a) Cirrus: Cirrus clouds are the highest clouds, forming at altitudes above 6 km in the troposphere, composed of ice crystals due to the cold temperatures at such heights.
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2. Answer the Following Questions in About 30 Words
(i) Name the three types of precipitation.
Solution: The three types of precipitation are rainfall, snowfall, and hail. These occur when water vapour in the atmosphere condenses and falls to the Earth’s surface under gravity.
(ii) Explain relative humidity.
Solution: Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of water vapour in the air to the maximum amount it can hold at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage.
(iii) Why does the amount of water vapour decrease rapidly with altitude?
Solution: The amount of water vapour decreases with altitude because temperature and pressure drop, reducing the air’s capacity to hold moisture, and most water vapour is concentrated near the surface.
(iv) How are clouds formed? Classify them.
Solution: Clouds form when water vapour condenses into droplets or ice crystals around nuclei. They are classified as high (cirrus), middle (alto), low (stratus, cumulus), and vertical (cumulonimbus).
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3. Answer the Following Questions in About 150 Words
(i) Discuss the salient features of the world distribution of precipitation.
Solution: The world distribution of precipitation varies significantly due to factors like latitude, wind patterns, and topography. The equatorial region, particularly the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), receives the highest rainfall due to intense solar heating, causing heavy convectional rains, as seen in the Amazon and Congo basins. Mid-latitudes experience moderate precipitation, influenced by cyclonic activity and westerlies, especially in coastal areas like Western Europe. Subtropical regions, around 30° N and S, often have low precipitation due to high-pressure systems, forming deserts like the Sahara. Polar regions receive minimal precipitation, mostly as snow, due to cold, dry air. Orographic precipitation occurs in mountainous regions, such as the Himalayas, where moist air rises and cools. Seasonal variations, like monsoons in South Asia, also shape precipitation patterns. Global precipitation is uneven, influenced by atmospheric circulation, ocean currents, and landforms, impacting ecosystems and human activities.
(ii) What are forms of condensation? Describe the process of dew and frost formation.
Solution: Condensation occurs when water vapour cools and changes into liquid or solid forms. Forms of condensation include dew, frost, fog, mist, and clouds. Dew forms when air near the ground cools to its dew point, causing water vapour to condense into liquid droplets on surfaces like grass, typically on clear, calm nights when radiative cooling is significant. Frost forms under similar conditions but when the temperature drops below 0°C, causing water vapour to deposit as ice crystals, often seen as a white coating on surfaces. Both processes require high humidity and cooling below the dew point, with dew forming in slightly warmer conditions and frost in sub-freezing temperatures. These phenomena are common in areas with significant nocturnal cooling and influence soil moisture and agriculture.
Download NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Fundamentals of Physical Geography Chapter 10: Water in the Atmosphere
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