What is the Full Form of NHRC? 

The full form of NHRC is the National Human Rights Commission of India. It was established on 12 October 1993 by the parliament by the enforcement of the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA) of 1993. In simple words, the NHRC is responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights. This standalone statutory body comprises rights related to life, dignity, liberty, and equality as defined in section 2(1) of the PHR Act.

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Functions of NHRC

The main motive of the NHRC is to promote and protect human rights. However, it needs to perform a set of duties including:

• Inquire on its own or look after the petitions filed by any victim regarding the violation of human rights. 
• It intervenes in any proceeding involving the violation of human rights with the court’s approval. 
• The NHRC studies the living conditions of the inmates in jails or other similar institutions where people are detained. 
• It extends its support to non-governmental organizations and institutions primarily working in the field of human rights. 
• It studies treaties regarding human rights to make necessary recommendations for their effective implementation. 

NHRC Composition

The National Human Rights Composition of India consists of 13 members including:

• A chairperson
• Five full-time members
• Seven deemed members

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Appointment of NHRC Members

Sections 2, 3, and 4 of the TPHRA lay down the rules for the appointment of members to the NHRC. The Chairperson and other members are appointed by the President of India, on the recommendation of the Selection Committee. This Committee comprises of: 

• The Prime Minister (as the Chairperson)
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha
• The Union Home Minister
• The Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
• The leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha
• The leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha

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