This Day in History – July 11

2006: India Bombing Campaign Mumbai
Bombay terrorist attack on trains killed more than 160 people and injured a further 460 when seven bombs were detonated on the train network in the Indian financial capital of Mumbai in 2006. 

2000: Noted Punjabi Writer Amrita Pritam Wins the Shatabdi Samman
On July 11th, 2000, Amrita Pritam received an award for Punjabi literature, the Shatabdi Samman. Amrita Pritam is considered to be one of the most popular people who are a part of Punjabi literature. Pritam was also very prominent among poets, novelists, and essayists.

1811: Publishing of memoir by Avogadro
Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro published his memoir on the molecular content of gases on July 11, 1811. The memoir was published in the Paris Journal de physique. It started with French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac taking his attention that when gases combine in simple integral proportions by volume.

1892: Joseph swan and his invention
The US Patent Office said that Joseph Swan invented the electric light carbon for the incandescent lamp. He was a physicist and a chemist, along with an inventor. He was an early developer of incandescent light bulbs. He is also known to supply the first incandescent lights used to lighthouses and other buildings, which included the savoy theatre, London.

1940: Philippe Petain as head
Marshall Philippe Pétain, the French hero of World War I, became the head of the Vichy collaborationist government of France on July 11, 1940. Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranked as France’s oldest head of state. During World War I, Pétain led the French Army to victory at the nine-month-long Battle of Verdun.

1960: Publishing of “To Kill a Mockingbird” 
‘To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee was first published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. on July 11, 1960. The book received the 1961 Pulitzer Prize. It is considered to be a classic in modern American literature. Lee has been awarded many accolades and degrees, which also include the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which she received in 2007 for her contribution to literature.

1767: John Quincy Adams
The 6th President of the United States between 1825-1829 was born in Braintree, Massachusetts in 1767.

1899: E. B. White
An American writer was born in Mount Vernon, New York in 1899. 

1920: Yul Brynner
A Russian-Swiss actor was born in Primorsky Krai, Russia in 1920. 

1934: Giorgio Armani
An Italian fashion designer of American Gigolo, he was born in Piacenza, Italy on July 11, 1934.

1953: Leon Spinks
An American boxer, who was WBA heavyweight champion in 1978 and Olympic gold light heavyweight in 1976, was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

1959: Richie Sambora
An American guitarist was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey on July 11, 1959.