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India was ruled by the Mughals and Britishers for many years. The British Raj lasted until August 1947. Post that, Bharat has to face the consequence of the divide-and-rule policy of the Britishers. This policy segregated the country into two parts: the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Freedom is an urge to rise up and fight against the odds to set yourself free. India has also fought courageously against the Britishers to earn Independence. Democracy and liberal feeling thriving in today’s India is the result of the Indian Freedom Struggle.
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What is the Indian Freedom Struggle?
Indian Freedom Struggle was an inspiring journey for every citizen of India and it has been written in golden words in the history of India. The freedom we experience today is the courageous saga of sacrifices, relentless efforts, and unwavering determination of the freedom fighters of our land that induced the feeling of unity and strength among all the people of India.
The Indian Freedom struggle led to a large-scale campaign that resulted in the end of British rule in India. Freedom was demanded by the Nationalists and the Congress party.
Initially, leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Annie Besant, Dadahai Naoroji, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale raised their voices and put forward the feelings and aspirations of freedom of the Indian masses.
Mahatma Gandhi emerged as the face of the Indian Freedom Struggle and his weapon was “non-violence” which set India free from the hold of British rule.
Also Read: Revolt of 1857
Essay on Indian Freedom Struggle in 100 words
We all have heard and read a lot about India’s Freedom Struggle through books, movies, theatre, etc. Every Indian citizen experiences a feeling of pride and respect for all those freedom fighters who struggled for Indian independence. It was all initiated in the late 1800s and lasted till 1947. Later, India became a republic in 1950. Indian men and women were colonized and ruled by the Britishers.
Despite the diversity of the country, the Indian Freedom Struggle was the result of unity. People belonging to different castes, languages, religions, and regions undividedly fought for India’s freedom selflessly. The unity eradicated the social barriers and eventually resulted in freedom for the country.
Freedom fighters like Uddham Singh, Veer Savarkar, Tantia Tope, Bhagat Singh, Mahatma Gandhi, Bhagat Singh, Rani Laxmi Bai, and many others had devoted their lives to the motherland.
Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of Satyagraha. He believed that passive resistance and civil disobedience were influential weapons to challenge the dominating Britishers.
Acts like the Quit India Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement, and Civil Disobedience Movement have united millions of Indians in a non-violent Indian Freedom struggle.
The Indian freedom struggle not only resulted in eradicating British rule but also inspired the whole world. Mahatma Gandhi’s principles of civil disobedience and non-violence helped other freedom movements across the globe.
Also Read: Indian National Movement
Essay on Indian Freedom Struggle in 250 Words
The Indian Freedom Struggle was a long and determined effort to free India from British colonial rule. The struggle began in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, which marked the start of British control over Indian territories. By 1858, the British Crown took direct control, and India became a part of the British Empire.
The first major rebellion against British rule was the Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence. Leaders like Rani Lakshmibai, Tantia Tope, and Mangal Pandey played crucial roles. Although the revolt was suppressed, it ignited the spirit of resistance across the nation.
The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885 to demand greater political rights. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai—known as the Lal-Bal-Pal trio—encouraged the Swadeshi Movement to promote Indian goods and boycott British products.
In the 20th century, Mahatma Gandhi emerged as a key leader. He advocated non-violent resistance through movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), and Quit India Movement (1942). Other prominent leaders included Subhas Chandra Bose, who led the Indian National Army (INA), and Bhagat Singh, who inspired youth with his sacrifice.
The efforts of these leaders, combined with mass participation, forced the British to leave India. Finally, on August 15, 1947, India gained independence, with Jawaharlal Nehru becoming the first Prime Minister and Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first President.
The freedom struggle was a testament to India’s unity and determination, inspiring generations to value liberty and democracy.
Must Read: Significance of Independence Day
Essay on Indian Freedom Struggle in 500 words
The Indian Freedom Struggle was a historic movement to end British rule and gain independence. It began after the Battle of Plassey in 1757, when the British East India Company established its dominance. Over the years, the British tightened their control, leading to widespread dissatisfaction among Indians. By 1858, India came under direct British rule, which marked the beginning of growing resentment and organized efforts to overthrow foreign domination.
The first major uprising was the Revolt of 1857, also called the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Independence. It was a united effort by soldiers, farmers, and rulers like Rani Lakshmibai, Nana Sahib, and Tantia Tope. Though the revolt was crushed, it sowed the seeds of India’s struggle for freedom.
In 1885, the formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) provided a platform for educated Indians to voice their grievances. Early leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale used petitions and discussions to demand reforms. However, with increasing oppression, leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai adopted a more aggressive stance, promoting the Swadeshi Movement to boycott British goods.
The 20th century saw the rise of Mahatma Gandhi, who transformed the freedom struggle through his philosophy of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (truth force). He led key movements such as the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), and Dandi March (1930) to oppose unjust laws and policies. His methods inspired millions of Indians, making the movement truly national.
Alongside Gandhi, other leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and Subhas Chandra Bose played pivotal roles. Nehru championed socialism and modernization, while Patel unified various princely states. Bose formed the Indian National Army (INA) and sought support from countries like Japan and Germany to fight British rule.
The younger generation of revolutionaries, including Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, and Rajguru, used direct action to confront British forces. Their bravery and sacrifices ignited the patriotic spirit among Indians. Women leaders like Sarojini Naidu, Kamala Nehru, and Aruna Asaf Ali also made significant contributions, proving that the freedom struggle was inclusive.
The Quit India Movement in 1942 marked a final push for independence, with the slogan “Do or Die” mobilizing people across the country. Despite severe crackdowns, the British realized that they could no longer suppress the Indian people’s demand for freedom.
Finally, after decades of sacrifices and persistent efforts, India achieved independence on August 15, 1947. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister, while Dr. Rajendra Prasad was chosen as the first President. However, independence came with the partition of India and Pakistan, causing immense suffering and displacement.
The Indian Freedom Struggle is a tale of courage, unity, and determination. It brought people from different religions, castes, and regions together under a common goal. The sacrifices of countless individuals remind us of the value of liberty and the importance of safeguarding our hard-earned independence.
Also Read: Indian History for Competitive Exams
FAQs
Bhagat Singh, Tantia Tope, Rani Laxmi Bai, Uddham Singh, Mahatma Gandhi and others are some of the most popular freedom fighters in India.
Mahatma Gandhi also known as the Father of Nation is the person behind our freedom. He guided the entire nation and believed in non-violence as the biggest weapon to fight the war of freedom.
The Indian Freedom Struggle began with the Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence, where leaders like Rani Lakshmibai, Tantia Tope, and Mangal Pandey played pivotal roles.
Mahatma Gandhi led several significant non-violent movements, including the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–1934), and the Quit India Movement (1942), all aimed at ending British rule in India.
India achieved independence on August 15, 1947, marking the end of British colonial rule that had lasted for nearly two centuries.
Founded in 1885, the Indian National Congress (INC) played a crucial role in the freedom movement by uniting Indians across diverse backgrounds to demand self-rule and political rights from the British authorities.
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