What is the Full Form of TCP/IP? 

The full form of TCP/IP is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It was founded by Bob Kahn and Vint Cert in 1978. A protocol is a set of guidelines and processes that regulate computer communication over the Internet. Although the Internet Protocol Suite is more frequently referred to as TCP/IP, it is actually one of its core protocols.

Overview of TCP/IP 

For the transfer of data via networks, TCP/IP is a commonly used protocol. In simple terms, internet-based communication protocols are used to link together network systems or network devices.

It determines the end-to-end interactions that will be used to distribute information across the internet, including how information should be bundled, addressed, received, and transmitted to the target.

A private network’s extranets and intranets may be connected through the communication protocol.

How Does TCP/IP Work?

TCP: TCP enables applications to establish channels for communication over a network. Before being transported across a network, a text can also be split up into many packets, which can then be appropriately arranged at the destination network. As a result, it ensures reliable information transfer over the network. It also looks for packet errors and asks for retransmission if any are found.

IP: The IP address offers details about the route and path that the packets will take to reach the intended target. It has a technique that allows gateway computers linked to the internet to forward the content after verifying the IPS address. 

Layers of the TCP/IP Model 

Application Layer: The application layer locates all the necessary protocols to communicate with end users directly. Key protocols of the application layer are:

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Transport Layer: The transmission of the appropriate message or piece of information in the proper order is ensured by the transport layer. Key protocols of the transport layer are: 

• UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
• TCP

Network Access Layer: It offers tools for creating and controlling data packets.

Internet Layer: It conducts two primary functions: IP (Internet Protocol) routing & addressing. It describes how to send the packet to its intended location.

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