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The full form of EVM is an Electronic Voting Machine. It is a machine that is used for electronically voting in state and national elections in parts of India. The machine has gained widespread recognition after replacing the traditional ballot paper system. Keeping in mind the population of India, these machines are considered safe to use as they avoid any malpractice during the elections. Let us get to know what is EVM full form along with its origin, advantage and disadvantage.
Table of Contents
Origin of EVM
In the year 1898, in New York, the first mechanical voting system was granted a patent under the name of Gillespie and the inventor Jacob Myers.
- The use of EVM was first demonstrated in the elections in 1892 by Myers himself. The system gained widespread adoption over time, and people began to understand the meaning behind the EVM moniker. It established itself and underwent additional modification.
- In India, the EVM was invented by Haneefa under the guidance of writer Sujatha Rangaranjan also called Mr Rangaranjan in the year 1980, when he was serving his tenure under Bharat Electronics Limited.
- The first use of EVM in India was done in the by-elections of the North Paravur Assembly constituency of Kerala in 1982.
- Again, In December 1988, a new Section 61A was inserted into the Representation of the People Act 1951, to make it official that EVMs would be used for elections in India.
In most of India, electronic voting machines have supplanted traditional paper ballots, and their widespread use evidences this.
Design of EVM
The EVM machines are designed and manufactured by engineers of Bharat Electronics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Ltd. They collaborated with the Election Commission of India in 1989.
- The companies created dual control units that were attached by a 5-meter-long cable. The dual units were called – the control unit and the balloting unit.
- The voting device is programmed to lock itself when a voter flips a switch next to a candidate’s name.
- The names of the competing candidates and the insignia of their parties are displayed on the front of the machine.
- Each party is given a coloured button with a number on it.
- Voters can exercise their right to vote by pressing one of the specified numbers.
- The EVM’s voting program is recorded on a one-time use, non-reprogrammable chip, ensuring it cannot be altered by anyone.
- Despite being well-known among voters, the entire name of the EVM is not known by the majority of them.
The EVM can record up to 2000 votes and is powered by standard batteries. The votes are safely stored in the chip in case the EVM malfunctions. Changing the paper roll is not permitted at the polling places.
Benefits of EVM
- This device greatly lowers the possibility of fraudulent votes.
- Paper waste is decreased as a result of using EVMs
- EVM machines are simple to assemble and disassemble. This reduces costs and provides more comfortable travelling.
- The machines may be utilized in places without electricity because they run on batteries
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Disadvantage of EVM
- There are chances of EVM hacking and tampering, leading to the questionability of genuine votes.
- Constant monitoring and careful manufacturing are some measures while handling an EVM
- Touch Screens of EVM may appear to be a problematic cause for physically challenged people.
- Technical issues like malfunctioning of the software or hardware may lead to errors in recording the votes.
- Sometimes, citizens/voters are also enable to verify their own votes.
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