Adjective Clauses are a type of dependent clause just like individual adjectives which describe or alter nouns. They are often referred to as adjectival clauses or relative clauses. Adjective clauses have a subject and a verb, just like any other type of clause. It is easy to recognise since they typically start with a relative pronoun such as that, which, or who. Continue reading this blog post to learn more about adjective clauses.
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What is an Adjective Clause?
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that adds information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence to modify it. It will have a verb and a subject which is used to explain more, about any noun or pronouns in the sentence. In simple terms, two sentences can be combined by using this clause.
For example: “The man wearing a red suit is my father”, “He lives in the house where I grew up.”
Also read: What are Clauses: Definition, Types
Types of Adjective Clauses
Based on the nature and behaviour of adjective clauses in sentences, they are divided into two different types:
- Essential Adjective Clauses
- Non-Essential Adjective Clause
Let us dive into details about types of adjective clauses 👇
Essential Adjective Clause
Essential adjectives are used in a sentence to make sense, regarding the description of the sentence. It cannot be eliminated from the statement because it is an integral part of the meaning of the sentence and the description is what counts. Also, there is no particular punctuation used to set the clause apart from the remainder of the phrase. Below are some instances that include necessary adjective clauses.
- They tried to find a restaurant that served Italian food.
- The book that is on the table belongs to me.
Non-Essential Adjective Clause
A non-essential adjective clause, in contrast to an essential one, is not the primary clause focus and offers further details about the noun. These kinds of clauses don’t matter when eliminated in a sentence and it will be still complete without them. For reference, here are a few non-essential adjective clauses.
- My friend Ria, who is an excellent cook, is coming for dinner tonight.
- My sister, who lives in America, will be coming to India next week.
Also Read: Coordinating Clause: Definition, Usage & Exercise
15+ Examples of Adjective Clauses
Gain a detailed understanding of types of adjective clauses through the help of examples:
Essential Adjective Clause | Non-Essential Adjective Clause |
The bike that he bought last month is already giving me trouble. | My friend, who lives in New York, is coming to visit next month. |
He is reading a novel that was recommended by his teacher. | My father’s new car, which he bought last week, is a hybrid. |
The house where he grew up is now abandoned. | Mr. Gupta, who is my neighbour, always helps with gardening. |
Do you know the boy who won the physics fair? | The company, whose profits have been declining, is implementing cost-saving measures. |
She visited the city that her ancestors once called home. | The series, which won several awards, is now available on the online platform. |
The pastry that he baked yesterday was delicious. | My aunt, who is a nurse, provided valuable medical advice. |
This is the hotel where he stayed during his summer vacation. | The cat, which belongs to my friend, is very well-trained. |
We need the money that he lent you last week. | The cafe, where we celebrated our anniversary, had an amazing ambiance. |
The laptop that I purchased recently is very fast. | The novel, which was recommended by my teacher, turned out to be insightful. |
Usage of Adjective Clause
If you understand what adjective clauses include and how they’re put together, using them will be easier. An adjective clause is a dependent clause that comes after the subject or object of the sentence, so keep that in mind when learning about its form. Things you need to know about the adjective clause are as follows:
- It comes right after the noun or phrase.
- It is modified and starts with a relative pronoun, such as who, that, which, whose, etc.
- There should also be a verb if a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun follows the relative pronoun.
- If a verb comes before the relative pronoun, an adjective will probably come after it.
Also read: 30+ Adverb Clauses Examples in English
Practise Exercise Adjective Clause
Question: Identify the adjective clause in the below sentences.
- The book that is on the table belongs to Ria.
- The woman who is wearing a red shirt is my mother.
- I visited the place where my grandmother grew up.
- He likes to read books that have happy endings.
- The cat, which is brown and white, is very friendly.
- She bought a car that runs on electricity.
- The cafe where we had lunch last afternoon was excellent.
- The boy who won the competition was ecstatic.
- Th house whose roof was damaged in the storm needs repairs.
- The teacher who teaches Hindi is very knowledgeable.
Answers:
- Adjective Clause: “that is on the table”
- Adjective Clause: “who is wearing a red shirt”
- Adjective Clause: “where my grandmother grew up”
- Adjective Clause: “that have happy endings”
- Adjective Clause: “which is brown and white”
- Adjective Clause: “that runs on electricity”
- Adjective Clause: “where we have lunch last afternoon”
- Adjective Clause: “won the competition”
- Adjective Clause: “whose roof was damaged in the storm”
- Adjective Clause: “who teaches Hindi”
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FAQs
As mentioned above, an adjective clause is a dependent clause that adds information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence to modify it.
There are two types of clauses: Essential Adjective Clause, and Non-Essential Adjective Clause.
Adjective clauses often start with a relative pronoun such as “who”, “whom”, “which”, or “that”. It can also start with relative adverbs such as: “where” “when”, or “why”. See these words to identify adjective clauses.
Here are 10 examples of adjective (relative) clauses, which describe or give more information about a noun:
The man who is wearing a blue shirt is my uncle.
Adjective clause: who is wearing a blue shirt (describes “the man”)
The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
Adjective clause: that I borrowed from the library (describes “the book”)
The car which was parked outside belongs to my neighbor.
Adjective clause: which was parked outside (describes “the car”)
The teacher whom the students respect is very kind.
Adjective clause: whom the students respect (describes “the teacher”)
The house where I grew up has been sold.
Adjective clause: where I grew up (describes “the house”)
The girl whose brother is a doctor won the prize.
Adjective clause: whose brother is a doctor (describes “the girl”)
The cake that she baked was delicious.
Adjective clause: that she baked (describes “the cake”)
The movie which we watched last night was boring.
Adjective clause: which we watched last night (describes “the movie”)
The dog that bit him was caught by the police.
Adjective clause: that bit him (describes “the dog”)
The city where I went to college is very crowded.
Adjective clause: where I went to college (describes “the city”)
Here are five examples of different types of clauses:
Independent Clause (can stand alone as a sentence):
She enjoys reading novels.
Dependent/Subordinate Clause (cannot stand alone and depends on a main clause):
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
Relative Clause (starts with a relative pronoun like “who,” “which,” or “that”):
The book that I borrowed was fascinating.
Noun Clause (functions as a noun in the sentence):
What you said made a lot of sense.
Adverbial Clause (acts as an adverb, providing information about time, reason, condition, etc.):
He left early so that he could catch the bus.
This was all about the Adjective Clause with examples in Learn English. Hope you understand the concept and know how to proceed. You can also follow the Learn English page of Leverage Edu for more exciting and informative blogs.