Nirpakh Tutej: The Father of Golden Revolution In India 

Interestingly, revolutions in India have always been an integral part of Indian history. Over the years, numerous revolutions were launched by different people with the aim of increasing the production of different agricultural and industrial products thus, meeting the demands of constantly developing India. In this blog, we will explore the different aspects of the Golden Revolution. We will begin with what is it, its objectives, and who is the father of Golden Revolution in India. Let us begin with some fun learning sessions.  

What is the Golden Revolution?

• In the Indian subcontinent, the period between 1991 to 2003 is widely referred to as the period of the Golden Revolution. 
• During this brief period, numerous efforts were made to develop the horticulture segment of the country. 
• In simple words, this major revolution is related to the production of honey and horticulture. 
• It was led by Nirpakh Tutej who is also commonly known as the father of Golden Revolution in India. 
• Interestingly, it was probably for the first time that farmers of India were able to experience the benefits of the horticulture sector. 
• For the uninformed, horticulture is a branch of agriculture that deals with bees, their products, habitats, and so on. Additionally, it also includes growing crops using the latest technologies such as greenhouse covers, tissue cultures, hydrophobic systems, etc. 

• As a result of this revolution, India became the world leader in the production of a variety of crops such as mangoes, cashew nuts, coconuts, and so on. 
• In addition to this, the sector became the second-largest and most successful producer of vegetables and fruits. But this is not it. 
• Another essential point to note is that the Golden Revolution gave numerous jobless farmers throughout the country a chance to improve their living conditions. 

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Causes of the Green Revolution 

There were numerous causes of the Green Revolution such as:

• Although the Green Revolution managed to increase the production of crops like wheat and rice, the cultivation of fruits and vegetables remained stagnant. 
• Despite having vast fertile land and manpower, Indian leaders recognized the inability to use these resources and increase the overall productivity of the country. 
• The prevailing cultivation techniques and yield were unable to satisfy the demand of the citizens of a growing India. 
• This imbalance between the supply and the demand forced the government of India to export crops and other essential requirements from foreign countries. 

Objectives of the Golden Revolution 

Here is an overview of the objectives of the Golden Revolution:

• To reduce India’s dependence on foreign countries for food grains and other products. 
• To improve the living standards of poor farmers and increase employment. 
• To establish India as a leading producer and exporter of quality products in the world market.
• To reduce the expenses incurred on importing by becoming self-sufficient. 

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Factors Affecting the Golden Revolution in India 

Unfortunately, the horticulture industry of India was not given much importance until the early 1990s. As a result, there was a significant drop in its overall performance and contribution towards the development of the country. Around 1948-1980, leaders of the country started giving the production of cereals much-awaited importance and called the efforts Golden Revolution. Here are the factors that affected the growth of horticulture in India:

• Farmers increased the total area under cultivation to increase yield. 
• There was a major improvement in the techniques of cultivation.
• Additionally, a change in the cropping pattern also helped farmers to grow crops that provided high returns. 

Impact of the Golden Revolution on India 

Below we have mentioned the major impact of the Golden Revolution on India:

• It improved the traditional agricultural practices of the country. 
• There was a notable increase in the total amount of crop yield. 
• The Golden Revolution also improved the lives of poor farmers across the country. 
• India managed to meet the demand of its citizens without importing crops from foreign countries. This resulted in a decrease in expenses. 
• India also started actively exporting horticulture products. 

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National Horticulture Mission

• In the year 2005-2006, the Government of India introduced the National Horticulture Mission. 
• The aim of this mission was to increase the production of the horticulture sector of India. 
• For this, the government provided huge funds and introduced new schemes.
• Moreover, the total area under cultivation was initially at 11.72 million hectares. Similarly,  the production was somewhere around 150.73 million tons in 2005. 
• Owing to the implementation of the National Horticulture Mission, the production in 2015-2016 increased to 281 million tonnes which was harvested from an area of 23.2 million hectares.
• Another important point to keep in mind is that the National Horticulture Mission made India, the second-largest producer of vegetables and fruits in the entire world, after China. 

Popular Revolutions in India 

Here are a few other essential revolutions in India:

Name of the Revolution	Focus
Green Revolution	Adoption of technology in agriculture
Yellow Revolution	Oilseed production
Black Revolution	Petroleum products
Blue Revolution / Nili Kranti Mission	Development and management of fisheries
Golden Fibre Revolution	Jute products
Grey revolution	Fertiliser production
White revolution	Milk products

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