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Students who are looking to revise the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Geography 13: Movements of Ocean Water can use this guide to revise the questions and answers. These solutions provide clear answers to all questions from this chapter from the textbook Fundamentals of Physical Geography. This chapter explores the water movements, including waves, tides, and currents and their impact on climate and navigation. You can also download the free PDF to revise the key concepts of this chapter anytime.
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Explore Notes of Class 11 Fundamentals of Physical Geography
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Fundamentals of Physical Geography Chapter 13: Movements of Ocean Water
These NCERT solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 13 will help you to understand the questions and answers. Regular revision of these concepts will boost your preparation for the exam.
1. Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Upward and downward movement of ocean water is known as the:
(a) tide
(b) current
(c) wave
(d) none of the above
Solution:
(a) tide: Tides are the periodic upward and downward movements of ocean water caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun.
(ii) Spring tides are caused:
(a) As a result of the moon and the sun pulling the earth gravitationally in the same direction.
(b) As a result of the moon and the sun pulling the earth gravitationally in the opposite direction.
(c) Indention in the coast line.
(d) None of the above.
Solution:
(a) As a result of the moon and the sun pulling the earth gravitationally in the same direction: Spring tides occur when the sun and moon align, causing higher tidal ranges.
(iii) The distance between the earth and the moon is minimum when the moon is in:
(a) Aphelion
(b) Perigee
(c) Perihelion
(d) Apogee
Solution:
(b) Perigee: The moon is closest to Earth at perigee, resulting in stronger gravitational pull and higher tides.
(iv) The earth reaches its perihelion in:
(a) October
(b) September
(c) July
(d) January
Solution:
(d) January: The Earth is closest to the sun at perihelion in early January, influencing tidal patterns and climate.
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2. Answer the Following Questions in About 30 Words
(i) What are waves?
Solutions: Waves are oscillatory movements of ocean water caused by wind, seismic activity, or gravitational forces, transferring energy across the ocean surface without significant water displacement.
(ii) Where do waves in the ocean get their energy from?
Solutions: Ocean waves primarily derive energy from wind blowing over the water surface, with additional contributions from seismic activity (tsunamis) and gravitational forces of the moon and sun.
(iii) What are tides?
Solutions: Tides are periodic rises and falls in ocean water levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, affecting coastal areas and navigation.
(iv) How are tides caused?
Solutions: Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun, which pull ocean water, creating bulges that result in high and low tides as Earth rotates.
(v) How are tides related to navigation?
Solutions: Tides affect navigation by altering water depth in coastal areas, influencing ship routes, docking times, and port accessibility, requiring mariners to time movements with tidal cycles.
3. Answer the Following Questions in About 150 Words
(i) How do currents affect the temperature? How does it affect the temperature of coastal areas in N.W. Europe?
Solutions: Ocean currents significantly influence global and regional temperature distribution by redistributing heat. Warm currents, like the Gulf Stream, carry heat from equatorial regions to higher latitudes, raising temperatures in coastal areas, while cold currents, like the Labrador Current, lower temperatures. In Northwest Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, an extension of the Gulf Stream, brings warm water from the tropics to the region. This warms the coastal areas of countries like Norway, the UK, and Iceland, resulting in milder winters than expected at such high latitudes. For example, ports in Norway remain ice-free due to this warm current, despite being near the Arctic. This temperature moderation supports agriculture, fishing, and habitable climates in Northwest Europe, contrasting with colder regions at similar latitudes, like parts of Canada.
(ii) What are the causes of currents?
Solutions: Ocean currents are driven by multiple factors. Wind is a primary cause, as prevailing winds, like trade winds, push surface water, creating currents such as the North Equatorial Current. The Coriolis effect, due to Earth’s rotation, deflects currents clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Differences in water density, caused by variations in temperature and salinity, drive thermohaline circulation, with cold, salty water sinking and warmer water rising. Gravitational forces from the moon and sun contribute to tidal currents. Additionally, the shape of coastlines and ocean floor topography influences current direction and speed. For example, the Gulf Stream is intensified by the North American continent’s shape. These factors collectively create complex ocean current systems, impacting climate, marine ecosystems, and global heat distribution.
Also Read:
- NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India (Free PDF)
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Download NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Fundamentals of Physical Geography Chapter 13: Movements of Ocean Water
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