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The Capital City of Jharkhand is Ranchi and has a dual identity. Once the summer capital of Bihar, it is now a centre of education out of which the best are BIT Mesra and IIM Ranchi; healthcare like RIMS; and industries like HEC, CCL, and SAIL. Furthermore, you can call Rachi, the “City of Waterfalls.” Ranchi has an abundance of natural beauty with waterfalls, hills, and forests just outside the city. This thus makes it a popular tourist destination and educational hub for students from Jharkhand, Bihar, and even West Bengal. Read on to learn more about the Capital City of Jharkhand, Ranchi.
Also Read: 19 Important Facts About Jharkhand
Table of Contents
Overview about Ranchi
Jharkhand has diverse landscapes, rich culture, and mineral resources. Additionally, Ranchi is also a capital hub for industry, sports, and history.
- Ranchi is organized into two administrative areas: Ranchi and Bundu subdivisions.
- These subdivisions are further divided into 18 blocks, which are then grouped into 305 Panchayats (which are local governing bodies) at the village level.
- Ranchi subdivision has 14 blocks, while Bundu subdivision has 4.
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Brief History of Ranchi
The Capital City of Jharkhand, Ranchi’s past goes back to British colonial rule when Ranchi belonged to Bihar. The British saw this Capital city of Jharkhand as a hill station due to its cool climate and beauty.
- Moreover, from freedom fighters to tribal rebellions, Ranchi has seen its share of historical moments.
- Ranchi also had an important part in India’s fight for independence and became a centre for social change and activism.
Also Read: What is the Capital City of Bihar?
Demography of Ranchi
Having mentioned, the brief history of Ranchi, let us dig deeper into other demographics of Ranchi. All the data mentioned below is as per the census report of 2011.
Population (as of 2011):
- Municipal Corporation: 1,073,427
- Urban Agglomeration: 1,456,528 (32nd most populous in India)
- Gender Distribution: Male – 52.1%, Female – 47.9%
- Literacy Rate: 87.68%
Reason for Population Surge:
Became the capital of the new state Jharkhand in 2000, hence leading to:
- Increased job opportunities
- Establishment of regional/state offices, banks, and FMCG companies
- An influx of migrant workers seeking employment
Employment Status:
One of the highest employment-generating Tier-III cities in India (study by ASSOCHAM, late 2010).
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Geography of Ranchi
Ranchi, majorly has dense forests and forest covers, that dominate the Capital City of Jharkhand.
| Feature | Description |
| Location | 23°22′N 85°20′E (near Tropic of Cancer) |
| Area | 175 km² (68 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 651 m above sea level |
| Region | Southern Chota Nagpur plateau (eastern Deccan plateau) |
| Topography | Hilly |
| Climate | Relatively moderate compared to the rest of the state (affected by deforestation) |
Economy of Ranchi
A hub for mineral-based industries, Ranchi is nicknamed the “Ruhr of India” due to its location in the resource-rich Chota Nagpur region.
The city has a presence of major government and private organizations like SAIL, Central Coalfields, Heavy Engineering Corp., and Usha Martin.
Renowned industrial bodies like FJCCI and ASSOCHAM also have a base here, with JIADA managing industrial areas like Kokar and Tatisilwai.
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Culture of Ranchi
There is a lot to say about the culture of the Capital city of Jharkhand.
- Diverse & Welcoming Culture: Ranchi has a harmonious blend of cultures, with warm and hospitable locals. Traditional values are cherished despite modern development.
- Tribal Influence: The city has a rich tribal heritage which is evident in colorful clothing, customs, and art forms. Moreover, traditional dances and music are performed during festivals and celebrations.
- Religious Mosaic: Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and the tribal Sarna religion are all practised in Ranchi.
Vivid Dance Form:
- Chhau: Depicts daily life and warrior movements.
- Santhal: Group dance showcasing tribal culture with vibrant costumes.
- Karma: Performed during the Karma festival to celebrate good luck.
Unique Handicrafts:
- Paitkar Paintings: Scroll paintings using natural colours (rare to find).
- Sohrai Art: Wall paintings depicting animals and deities during festivals.
- Bamboo & Wood Work: Utility items, baskets, toys, and decorative pieces.
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Facts about Ranchi
Let us now learn some Facts about Ranchi!
- Ranchi’s scenic beauty is enhanced by its numerous waterfalls, thus making it a popular tourist destination.
- Furthermore, the city has a rich tribal history and culture which is reflected in its art forms, traditions, and festivals.
- Ranchi is a major industrial centre in Eastern India, nicknamed “Ruhr of India” due to its abundance of mineral resources.
- Ranchi offers a unique blend of modern development and traditional values, with a focus on preserving its cultural heritage.
- Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism, Buddhism, and the tribal Sarna religion are all practised in Ranchi.
Also Read: What is the Capital City of Andhra Pradesh?
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FAQs
The capital city of Jharkhand is called Ranchi.
The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka is its sub-capital.
It has been observed that the main language spoken throughout Jharkhand is Khortha, so we can conclude that its mother tongue is Khortha.
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