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NCERT Class 10 History Chapter 1 Solutions ¨The Rise of Nationalism in Europe¨ aims to provide students with insightful solutions. Our subject matter experts have offered simple and accurate answers for the exercises in the history book India and the Contemporary World-II.
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Table of Contents
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| Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 |
Important Questions and Answers of NCERT Class 10 History Chapter 1 Solutions “The Rise of Nationalism in Europe” (Free PDF)
Let us look at NCERT Class 10 History Chapter 1 Solutions ¨The Rise of Nationalism in Europe¨within the lesson. Our subject experts have answered these questions accurately and per the latest CBSE guidelines.
| 1. Why did Italy unify in the mid-nineteenth century? Ans. Italy unified under Sardinia-Piedmont’s leadership through victories over Austrian forces and local support. 2. How did Britain’s national identity evolve before the eighteenth century? Ans. Before the eighteenth century, Britain lacked a unified national identity, which gradually developed through economic growth and influence. 3. What symbols represented Britain’s growing national identity? Ans. Symbols like the Union Jack and the promotion of the English language reflected Britain’s evolving national identity. 4. How did artists depict countries during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Ans. Artists often personified countries as female figures, symbolizing abstract concepts like Liberty and Justice. 5. What were the causes of tensions in the Balkans by the late nineteenth century? Ans. Tensions in the Balkans arose from conflicts over Ottoman influence and intensified rivalries among European powers. 6. How did economic hardships in Europe during the 1830s contribute to unrest? Ans. Economic hardships, including food shortages and population increases, fueled popular uprisings and revolutions in Europe. 7. Who led the unification efforts in Italy? Ans. Unification efforts in Italy were led by Chief Minister Cavour and secret societies like Young Italy, founded by Giuseppe Mazzini. 8. What led to the decline of nationalism by the late nineteenth century? Ans. Nationalism declined due to various factors, including economic changes, shifts in political ideologies, and the alignment of nationalism with imperialism. 9. What events marked Britain’s path to becoming a powerful nation? Ans. Britain’s path to becoming a powerful nation included the Act of Union in 1707, joining England and Scotland, and the incorporation of Ireland into the United Kingdom in 1801. 10. How did the rise of new social classes impact European society in the nineteenth century? Ans. The rise of new social classes, such as the middle class, characterized by industrialists and professionals, signalled a shift from aristocratic dominance. |
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Write In Brief
| 1. Write a note on: a) Guiseppe Mazzini b) Count Camillo de Cavour c) The Greek war of independence d) Frankfurt parliament e) The role of women in nationalist struggles Ans. Here are the short descriptive notes on: a) Giuseppe Mazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary who played a crucial role in the unification of Italy. He founded the secret society Young Italy, promoting the idea of a united, republican Italy. Mazzini inspired many Italians to fight for independence and unity. b) Count Camillo de Cavour: Count Camillo de Cavour was the Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont. He was a key figure in the Italian unification process. Through diplomacy and strategic alliances, particularly with France, he helped to unite Italy under the rule of King Victor Emmanuel II. c) The Greek War of Independence: The Greek War of Independence (1821-1832) was a successful revolt against Ottoman rule. Inspired by nationalist ideas and supported by European powers like Britain, France, and Russia, the Greeks fought for and gained their independence, establishing Greece as a sovereign nation. d) Frankfurt Parliament: The Frankfurt Parliament (1848-1849) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany. It aimed to unify the German states and draft a constitution. Though it ultimately failed due to a lack of support from the German princes, it laid the groundwork for future unification efforts. e) The Role of Women in Nationalist Struggles: Women played vital roles in nationalist struggles by participating in protests, spreading nationalist ideas, and supporting revolutionary activities. They often organized meetings, raised funds, and even took part in combat. Their contributions were crucial in mobilizing support and advancing nationalist causes. 2. What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people? Ans. The French revolutionaries took several steps to create a sense of collective identity among the French people. They introduced symbols like the tricolor flag and the national anthem, “La Marseillaise.” They also established a centralized administrative system, promoted the French language, and implemented the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen to ensure equal rights for all citizens. 3. Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed? Ans. Marianne and Germania were personifications of France and Germany, respectively. Marianne symbolized liberty and the Republic in France, often depicted with a Phrygian cap and a tricolour flag. Germania represented the German nation, portrayed as a robust woman with a crown and a sword. These depictions were important as they embodied national values and ideals, inspiring unity and patriotic feelings. 4. Briefly trace the process of German unification. Ans. The unification of Germany was a complex process that occurred between 1864 and 1871. Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian Chancellor, led the efforts through a series of wars and diplomatic manoeuvres. Key events included the Danish War (1864), the Austro-Prussian War (1866), and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). These conflicts weakened rival states and increased Prussian influence, culminating in the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871 at the Palace of Versailles. 5. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system moreefficient in the territories ruled by him? Ans. Napoleon introduced several administrative changes to make the system more efficient. He established the Napoleonic Code, which standardized laws across his territories, ensuring equal treatment under the law. He also reformed the tax system, created a centralized bureaucracy, and improved infrastructure. These changes promoted economic development and administrative efficiency, leaving a lasting impact on the regions he ruled. |
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Discuss
| 1. Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals? Ans. The 1848 Revolution of the Liberals was a series of political upheavals across Europe. Liberals, advocating for constitutional and representative governments, sought to replace autocratic monarchies with democratic systems. They supported political ideas like individual freedoms, the rule of law, and elected parliaments. Socially, they pushed for civil rights and an end to feudal privileges. Economically, liberals promoted free trade, property rights, and economic freedoms, opposing state control and mercantilism. 2. Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe. Ans. The three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe are as follows: a) Literature and Poetry: Writers and poets like Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany inspired national pride through their works. Goethe’s writings celebrated German folklore, history, and traditions, fostering a sense of shared cultural identity. b) Music: Composers like Frédéric Chopin in Poland used music to express national sentiments. Chopin’s compositions, deeply rooted in Polish folk music, stirred nationalist feelings and reinforced Polish cultural identity during foreign domination. c) Art and Folklore: Artists like Francisco Goya in Spain depicted national struggles and historical events through their art. Goya’s paintings of the Peninsular War against Napoleon’s forces highlighted Spanish resistance and patriotism, strengthening national unity and pride. 3. Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth century. Ans. Let us take Italy and Germany´s development stages over the nineteenth century: a) Italy: Italy’s unification involved figures like Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo de Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Mazzini’s revolutionary ideas, Cavour’s diplomatic efforts, and Garibaldi’s military campaigns gradually united various Italian states under the Kingdom of Sardinia, leading to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. b) Germany: Germany’s unification, led by Otto von Bismarck, involved strategic wars and diplomacy. The Danish War (1864), Austro-Prussian War (1866), and Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) consolidated German territories. In 1871, the German Empire was proclaimed, uniting various German states under Prussian leadership. 4. How was the history of nationalism in Britain, unlike the rest of Europe? Ans. Nationalism in Britain differed from the rest of Europe as it evolved without major revolutionary upheavals. The British state formed through a gradual process of parliamentary reforms and integration of Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Unlike the violent unifications in Europe, Britain maintained stability and built a unified national identity through constitutional monarchy, industrialization, and empire-building. 5. Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans? Ans. Nationalist tensions emerged in the Balkans due to the region’s ethnic diversity and weakening Ottoman rule. Various ethnic groups, inspired by nationalist ideas, sought independence and self-determination. The decline of the Ottoman Empire created power vacuums, leading to conflicts among Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and others. External influence from European powers further fueled these tensions, as different nations supported various nationalist movements to advance their own interests in the region. |
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Here is the summary of the chapter ¨Rise of Nationalism in Europe¨ following:
| 1. Italy, once divided into multiple states, unified under the leadership of Sardinia-Piedmont in the mid-nineteenth century through victories over Austrian forces and garnering local support. 2. Britain’s evolution into a powerful nation was marked by the Act of Union in 1707, joining England and Scotland, and the incorporation of Ireland into the United Kingdom in 1801. 3. Artists during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries depicted countries as individuals, often as female figures, symbolizing abstract concepts like Liberty and Justice. 4. Nationalism declined by the late nineteenth century, leading to tensions in regions like the Balkans, fueled by conflicts over Ottoman influence and intensified rivalries among European powers. 5. The French Revolution saw the emergence of symbolic representations such as Liberty, portrayed with a red cap or a broken chain, and Justice, depicted as a blindfolded woman holding scales. 6. The concept of nation-states gained acceptance as natural and universal, despite anti-imperial movements struggling to establish independent states amidst the alignment of nationalism with imperialism. 7. Economic hardships in Europe during the 1830s, compounded by food shortages and population increases, fueled popular uprisings and revolutions. 8. The formation of secret societies like Young Italy by Giuseppe Mazzini and movements led by Chief Minister Cavour in Italy contributed to the unification efforts. 9. Great Britain’s symbols, such as the Union Jack and the English language, reflected its growing national identity following the Act of Union in 1707 and the inclusion of Ireland in 1801. 10. The nineteenth century witnessed a shift from aristocratic dominance to the rise of new social classes like the middle class, characterized by industrialists, businessmen, and professionals. |
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