All You Need to Know About Modern Indian Architecture

The Europeans, who brought a wide range of architectural styles with them, are acknowledged for inspiring modern Indian architecture, as shown in the diverse buildings they erected. A power struggle between the Portuguese, French, Dutch, Danish, and British began in 1947 when European colonists arrived and the Mughal empire collapsed. 

We’ll talk about modern Indian architecture here, which can help you prepare for the UPSC IAS Exam.

Features of Modern Indian Architecture

Let’s examine some of the many characteristics of modern Indian architecture.

• Several Designs: The architectural style of British colonialism was the result of several historical and cultural influences.
• Inspired by the Past: They drew inspiration from Roman and Greek architectural designs.
• Indian and Islamic Elements: To produce one-of-a-kind buildings, British architects fused Islamic and Indian architectural styles with their own.
• Large Porches and Balconies: These structures included sizable outdoor areas for ventilation and shade.
• High Ceilings and Unique Windows: To help keep the buildings cool, the windows featured unique slats. The ceilings were also high.

Examples: Modern Indian Architecture

Let’s examine some of the most well-known examples of modern Indian architecture.

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Victoria Memorial, Kolkata

The stunning white marble Victoria Memorial in Kolkata was constructed as a tribute to Queen Victoria.

• In remembrance of Queen Victoria, who was influential in the history of India, it was constructed between 1906 and 1921.
• The memorial is designed in a unique way that combines British and Indian elements. The main dome resembles the well-known Taj Mahal.
• The memorial’s expansive grounds add to its beauty and grandeur.
• There’s a museum inside with artefacts from the British era in India. It aids in the education of people about Indian history.

Rashtrapati Bhavan, Delhi

The President of India resides and works at Rashtrapati Bhavan. It’s a renowned colonial structure.

• Sir Edwin Lutyens, a well-known British architect, created the structure.
• Within the Rashtrapati Bhavan are numerous buildings. It appears exquisite and majestic.
• The structure features large, open spaces and a unique equilibrium. It demonstrates the British sense of importance and might.
• The Rashtrapati Bhavan is surrounded by breathtaking grounds. They have flowers, fountains, and well-maintained lawns.

Modern Indian architecture blended many elements and created a striking effect. Structures like Rashtrapati Bhavan and the Victoria Memorial demonstrate the historical inventiveness of the era. These are significant landmarks that the public enjoys and finds admirable.

Indian Influence On Indian Modern Architecture Buildings

Buildings from the past displayed influences from several cultures, including colonialism. From the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, India was controlled by the British. The buildings constructed at this time were heavily influenced by Indian architectural forms. 

• The use of Indian styles in modern Indian architecture is one intriguing aspect of it. One such example is the Karnataka state’s Mysore Palace. It had opulent, elaborate Indian architecture and was constructed in the Indo-Saracenic style. The palace features vibrant paintings, domes, and lovely sculptures. Modern Indian architecture is a fusion of British and Indian styles from that era.
• Indo-Saracenic architecture is a significant aspect of modern Indian architecture. This fashion blended European, Islamic, and Indian elements. A notable example is the Gateway of India located in Mumbai. It had Indo-Saracenic architecture and was created in 1924. It features intricate decorations, lofty spires, and arches. It is a popular tourist destination nowadays and a significant historical icon.
• Modern Indian architecture also incorporates influences of Islam, Hinduism, and Europe. Kolkata’s St. Paul’s Cathedral is a prime illustration of this combination. It was constructed in the early 20th century and combined Indian art with Gothic Revival style. The windows display beautiful images from the life of Jesus Christ. Indian motifs and elements, such as the lotus blossom and the Bengali-style chhatri, are also used in the design.
• The architecture of contemporary India demonstrates the various interpretations of Indian influence. Indian and British designs were blended together, as the Mysore Palace demonstrated. Indian, Islamic, and European architectural traditions were blended in Indo-Saracenic buildings, such as the Gateway of India. The Jama Masjid and St. Paul’s Cathedral exhibit features of European, Islamic, and Hindu architecture. These structures serve as a reminder of the shared history and culture of India and Britain.

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Indian Architectural Styles and Railways

The architecture in India evolved when trains were introduced. Railway stops gained significance and had distinctive architecture.

• India developed a distinct style for its railway stations. They created stunning buildings by fusing Indian and British architectural styles.
• The stations had arched entrances, spacious front rooms, and attractive decorations. They made a favourable impression by using attractive columns and patterns.
• The Bombay Victoria Terminus, currently known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, is one well-known station. With its colourful windows and spires, it looks fantastic.
• Howrah Station in Kolkata is another awesome station. Its lovely domes and arches combine Islamic and Gothic architectural elements.
• These stations were designed to be eye-catching and to demonstrate British power. They represented development and modernism.
• India’s structures and towns, such as Mumbai and Kolkata, reached new heights during the British colonial era. They blended several styles to create a unique look. Another significant factor was the railways. They created attractive stations with original designs.
• The beauty and history of British India are reflected in these buildings. They serve as a reminder of bygone eras and the ways in which towns and architectural styles evolved.

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