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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 5 ¨Pastoralists in the Modern World¨ aims to provide students with insightful solutions. Our subject matter experts have offered simple and accurate answers for the exercises in the history book ¨India and the Contemporary World-I.¨
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 5 ¨Pastoralists in the Modern World¨ are designed in an easy-to-understand manner to help students grasp the topics easily. Students can use these varieties of NCERT solutions and learn more about these interesting topics comprehensively.
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Important Questions and Answers of NCERT Solutions For Class 9 History, Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World
Let us look at NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World, within the lesson. Our subject experts have answered these questions accurately and per the latest CBSE guidelines.
| 1. Question: Why did deforestation become more systematic under colonial rule? Answer: Deforestation became more systematic under colonial rule because the British needed more land for agriculture and commercial crops. 2. Question: What role did the expansion of railways play in deforestation? Answer: The expansion of railways required a lot of timber for tracks, causing forests around railway lines to be cleared rapidly. 3. Question: How did plantations contribute to deforestation? Answer: Plantations for tea, coffee, and rubber cleared vast areas of natural forests to meet European demand. 4. Question: What was the impact of the Forest Act on local communities? Answer: The Forest Act restricted local communities’ access to forest resources, causing them significant hardship. 5. Question: Why did the colonial government ban shifting cultivation? Answer: The colonial government banned shifting cultivation because they thought it was harmful to forests and made tax collection difficult. 6. Question: How did hunting restrictions under colonial rule affect forest dwellers? Answer: Hunting restrictions prevented forest dwellers from hunting for survival, while colonialists hunted extensively, driving many species to near extinction. 7. Question: What changes did scientific forestry introduce? Answer: Scientific forestry introduced systematic management of forests, categorized them, and restricted local access to manage and conserve forests for commercial use. 8. Question: How did regulated forest trade under colonial rule affect local traders? Answer: Regulated forest trade favored European firms and marginalized local traders, making it difficult for them to earn a living. 9. Question: What were the three categories of forests under the Indian Forest Act of 1878?Answer: The Indian Forest Act of 1878 categorized forests into reserved, protected, and village forests. 10. Question: How did forest communities resist colonial restrictions? Answer: Forest communities resisted colonial restrictions through rebellions led by leaders like Siddhu, Kanu, Birsa Munda, and Alluri Sitarama Raju. |
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Questions
| Question 1. Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement? Answer. Nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another primarily to access fresh pastures and water sources for their livestock. This continuous movement prevents overgrazing and allows the land to recover, reducing environmental degradation. The advantages to the environment of this continuous movement include reduced soil erosion, sustainable use of natural resources, and preservation of biodiversity in the areas they traverse. Question 2. Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoralists: Waste Land rules Forest Acts Criminal Tribes Act Grazing Tax Answer. The colonial government in India brought in various laws that had a significant impact on the lives of pastoralists: Waste Land Rules: These rules restricted the movement of pastoralists by declaring certain areas as wastelands, which they were not allowed to access. This limited their access to grazing lands and disrupted their traditional migratory patterns. Forest Acts: These acts declared certain areas as protected forests, prohibiting pastoralists from grazing their animals or camping within these areas. This further restricted their movement and access to resources. Criminal Tribes Act: This act branded certain nomadic communities as “criminal tribes,” subjecting them to strict surveillance, restrictions on movement, and harassment by authorities. This disrupted their traditional way of life and violated their rights. Grazing Tax: The colonial government imposed taxes on pastoralists for grazing their animals, which added financial burdens and made their traditional livelihood more difficult. Question 3. Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands. Answer. The Maasai community lost their grazing lands due to several reasons: – Expansion of colonial settlements and farms onto Maasai lands – Establishment of game reserves and national parks, restricting access to traditional grazing areas – Privatization and sale of Maasai lands to settlers and companies – Pressure from the colonial government to adopt settled agriculture instead of pastoralism Question 4. There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes that were similar for Indian pastoralists and Maasai herders. Answer. Two examples of similar changes forced upon Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders by the modern world are: a. Loss of grazing lands: Both Indian pastoralists and the Maasai faced the loss of their traditional grazing lands due to the expansion of settled agriculture, establishment of protected areas, and privatization of lands by colonial and post-colonial governments. b. Restriction on mobility: Colonial laws and policies restricted the mobility of both Indian pastoralists and the Maasai, disrupting their traditional migratory patterns and access to resources. These included laws like the Forest Acts, Waste Land Rules, and policies that favored settled agriculture over pastoralism. |
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Breakdown of Class 9 History Chapter 5 ¨Pastoralists in the Modern World¨
Here is the summary of the chapter Class 9 History Chapter 5 ¨Pastoralists in the Modern World.” Students are advised to go through the summary once.
| 1. Deforestation Under Colonial Rule: Deforestation intensified under colonial rule. The British systematically cleared forests to create agricultural land and promote commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat, and cotton. 2. Agricultural Expansion: As the population grew, farmers cleared more forests to grow food. The British encouraged this to increase the production of commercial crops, which led to more deforestation. 3. Railway Development and Timber: The expansion of railways from the 1850s required vast amounts of timber for tracks. This led to rapid clearing of forests around railway lines as the network expanded. 4. Plantation Agriculture: The British cleared large areas of natural forests to establish tea, coffee, and rubber plantations. These plantations met the growing demand in Europe and involved giving land to European planters at low rates. 5. Commercial Forestry and Regulation: The British introduced scientific forestry, which involved the systematic management of forests. They categorized forests into reserved, protected, and village forests, restricting local communities’ access to them. 6. Impact on Local Communities: The Forest Act and other regulations severely restricted villagers’ access to forests. This caused economic hardship as they depended on forests for fuel, fodder, and other essentials. 7. Ban on Shifting Cultivation: Colonial authorities banned shifting cultivation, a traditional agricultural practice. They viewed it as harmful and difficult to tax, disrupting local farming practices and livelihoods. 8. Hunting Restrictions: The colonial government prohibited local hunting which was essential for forest dwellers’ survival. At the same time, colonialists hunted extensively, pushing many species toward extinction and causing imbalances in the ecosystem. 9. Regulation of Forest Trade: The government heavily regulated traditional forest trade, favoring large European firms. This marginalized local traders and disrupted their livelihoods. 10. Resistance and Rebellion: Forest communities resisted colonial restrictions through rebellions. Leaders like Siddhu, Kanu, Birsa Munda, and Alluri Sitarama Raju led movements to fight against the loss of their traditional rights and livelihoods, showcasing their resilience and struggle. |
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