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Looking for NCERT Class 11 Psychology Chapter 2 Methods of Enquiry in Psychology Solutions? This blog provides clear, well-explained answers to all the exercise questions from Chapter 2 of the Introduction to Psychology textbook. These easy explanations will help you prepare better for your exams. Whether you’re studying for a test or want to understand the chapter for class discussions, this guide will make everything easier to learn. You can also download a free PDF of the solutions to revise anytime you want.
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Explore Notes of Class 11 Introduction to Psychology
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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Psychology Introduction to Psychology Chapter 2 Methods of Enquiry in Psychology
These NCERT solutions for Class 11 Psychology, Introduction to Psychology Chapter 2 Methods of Enquiry in Psychology will help you prepare effectively for your exams. By studying the explanations thoroughly and regularly revising the key concepts, you can score well.
Review Questions
- What are the goals of scientific enquiry?
- Describe the various steps involved in conducting a scientific enquiry.
- Explain the nature of psychological data.
- How do experimental and control group differ? Explain with the help of an example.
- A researcher is studying relationship between speed of cycling and the presence of people. Formulate a relevant hypothesis and identify the independent and dependent variables.
- Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of experimental method as a method of enquiry.
- Dr. Krishnan is going to observe and record children’s play behaviour at a nursery school without attempting to influence or control the behaviour. Which method of research is involved? Explain the process and discuss its merits and demerits.
- Give two examples of the situations where survey method can be used. What are the limitations of this method?
- Differentiate between interview and questionnaire.
- Explain the characteristics of a standardised test.
- Describe the limitations of psychological enquiry.
- What are the ethical guidelines that a psychologist needs to follow while conducting a psychological enquiry?
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Solutions:
- The main goals of scientific enquiry in psychology are to describe, predict, explain, and control behavior, and to apply this knowledge in real life. First, psychologists try to describe behavior clearly. Then, they try to predict what might happen in the future based on what they know. After that, they try to explain why a behavior occurs, looking at the causes behind it. They also try to control behavior by changing the factors that affect it. Finally, all this knowledge is applied to solve problems in areas like education, health, and work.
- Scientific enquiry follows a step-by-step process. First, a researcher selects a topic and forms a hypothesis, which is a possible answer or explanation for the problem. Then, data is collected using different methods like experiments, surveys, or observation. Once data is collected, it is analyzed using statistics to understand the results. Finally, the researcher compares the findings with the hypothesis and may change or improve the original idea based on the results.
- Psychological data is the information collected to understand human behavior. It can be categorized into several types:
- Demographic data: Includes details such as name, age, gender, and background.
- Physical data: Focuses on the environment a person lives in.
- Physiological data: Involves biological measures like heart rate, blood pressure, and brain activity.
- Psychological data: Encompasses a person’s thoughts, feelings, personality traits, intelligence, and emotions.
- In an experiment, there are usually two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group is given the treatment or the condition being tested, while the control group is not. For example, if a psychologist wants to study whether people help more when they are alone or in a group during an emergency, one group will be tested in the presence of others (experimental), and the other will be alone (control). This helps to compare their behaviors.
- A good hypothesis for this situation could be: “The presence of people increases the speed of cycling.” In this case, the independent variable is the presence of people (because it is being changed), and the dependent variable is the speed of cycling (because it is being measured).
- The experimental method has many advantages. It helps to find out cause-and-effect relationships in a controlled setting. The results are often reliable and can be repeated by others. However, it also has some problems. Experiments are usually done in artificial settings like labs, which may not show how people behave in real life. Also, not everything can be studied through experiments, and it’s hard to control every factor that can influence the results.
- Dr. Krishnan is using the non-participant observation method, where the researcher watches behavior without becoming involved. He simply observes how children play and notes their actions. This method gives real and natural information because children behave normally when not disturbed. However, it takes a lot of time and the observer’s personal opinions can affect the results, which may lead to bias.
- The survey method can be used to study public opinion on a new government policy or to understand how people feel after a natural disaster like a flood. While surveys can collect information from a large number of people, they have some drawbacks. People may not always give honest answers, and sometimes the questions can be too simple. Also, surveys take time and need skilled people to conduct them properly.
- An interview is a face-to-face conversation where the researcher asks questions and can go deeper into answers. It is flexible and allows the person to explain things in detail. A questionnaire, on the other hand, is a written set of questions that the person fills out on their own. It is less personal but easy to use with many people. Interviews take more time and require more skill, while questionnaires are quicker and more structured.
- A standardised test has three main features. First is reliability, which means the test gives the same results if taken again. There are types of reliability like test-retest (same test repeated) and split-half (dividing the test into parts). Second is validity, which means the test should actually measure what it is supposed to measure. Third is norms, which are average scores collected from many people so that future scores can be compared.
- Psychological enquiry has some limitations. Unlike physical science, it doesn’t have a true zero point (e.g., you can’t have “zero intelligence”). Tools used in psychology are not always suitable for all people or cultures. Also, the data collected can be interpreted differently by different people, especially when using interviews or case studies. This makes the results less exact and more open to personal bias.
- Psychologists must follow certain rules to protect the people they study. Participants should volunteer and not be forced. They should give informed consent, meaning they should know what the study is about. If anything is hidden, they should be told afterward in a process called debriefing. Participants should be allowed to see the results, and their privacy and personal information must be kept secret.
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Download NCERT Solutions Class 11 Psychology Introduction to Psychology Chapter 2 Methods of Enquiry in Psychology
Download NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Psychology, Introduction to Psychology Chapter 2 Methods of Enquiry in Psychology to prepare well for your exams. These solutions explain all the questions and important concepts in simple language, making it easier for you to understand and score better in your exams.
Download NCERT Solutions of Class 11 Introduction to Psychology here:
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