Which Ruler First Established his Capital at Delhi?

Answer: Ananga Pala, Tomara Dynasty

It was Ananga Pala of the Tomara dynasty who first made Delhi his capital in the 8th century CE. Delhi didn’t always hold the political importance it does today. The first ruler to recognize its strategic and economic value was Ananga Pala, a king from the Rajput Tomara dynasty. He is credited with founding the city of Lal Kot, an early form of Delhi, around 736 CE.

Why Did Ananga Pala Choose Delhi?

Delhi was located at a key geographical point – it was close to the Yamuna River and lay along important trade routes connecting the northwestern frontiers of India to the Gangetic plains. This made it ideal for both defense and commerce. The fertile land and easy access to water added to its appeal.

Who Came After the Tomaras?

Later, in the 12th century, the Tomaras were defeated by the Chauhans (also called Chahamanas), another Rajput dynasty. The most famous among them was Prithviraj Chauhan, who continued to rule from Delhi and further strengthened its position as a major political center.

Then, in 1192 CE, after the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan in the Second Battle of Tarain, Muhammad Ghori’s general Qutb-ud-din Aibak laid the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate. He chose Delhi as the capital of his new empire, a decision that turned the city into the heart of medieval Indian politics for the next several centuries.

Language of Administration Under the Delhi Sultans

Once the Delhi Sultanate was established, the language of administration changed to Persian. This remained the official language during the Sultanate period and influenced Indian culture, literature, and administration for years to come.

Did You Know?

• The city of Lal Kot, built by Ananga Pala, later became part of Qila Rai Pithora, expanded by Prithviraj Chauhan.
• The Qutb Minar, one of Delhi’s most famous landmarks, was started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak right after he made Delhi the capital.

Quick Recap:

• 🗓 First Ruler to Establish Capital at Delhi: Ananga Pala (Tomara Dynasty)
• 🏰 Period: Around 736 CE
• 📍 Reason: Strategic location, trade access, fertile land
• 🗣 Language of Administration under Delhi Sultans: Persian

Delhi’s journey as a capital began with a Rajput king and continued through empires, sultanates, and the Mughals, shaping its legacy as the capital we know today.

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