What is the National Tree of India?

The Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) is the National Tree of India. This majestic tree is known for its vast canopy, aerial roots, and longevity, symbolizing eternal life, strength, and stability in Indian culture. The banyan tree holds a sacred place in Indian mythology and rural life, often serving as a community gathering spot in villages.

Why is the Banyan Tree the National Tree of India?

The banyan tree was declared the national tree of India because of its:

Historical presence: Ancient Indian texts and folklore often mention this tree.

Cultural significance: Revered in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

Symbolism: Represents immortality, resilience, and shelter.

Ecological importance: Provides a large habitat for various species and improves air quality.

Key Facts About the Banyan Tree

Feature	Description
Scientific Name	Ficus benghalensis
Family	Moraceae
Native Region	Indian Subcontinent
Lifespan	Can live for 200–500+ years
Canopy Spread	Can cover several acres with its aerial roots forming new trunks
Cultural Role	Sacred in Hinduism; associated with Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu
Declared As National Tree	By the Government of India in 1950
Other Names	Bargad (Hindi), Vat Vriksha, Nyagrodha, Aala Maram (Tamil)

Significance in Indian Culture

Religious Symbolism: In Hinduism, the tree is considered immortal. Worshipped especially during the Vat Savitri festival by married women for the well-being of their husbands.
Village Life: Serves as a central location for village councils (panchayats), markets, and social gatherings.
Mythological Beliefs: Thought to be the abode of various deities and sages in Indian epics.

Environmental Importance

• Air Purification: Absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, improving local air quality.
• Wildlife Habitat: Supports birds, bats, insects, and small mammals.
• Erosion Control: Its extensive root system helps prevent soil erosion, especially during monsoons.

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