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The Trans-Himalayan rivers in India are those rivers that originate beyond or north of the Great Himalayas, mostly in the Tibetan Plateau. These rivers are an essential part of India’s hydrographic system, especially in northern India, and contribute significantly to agriculture, ecology, and regional water systems.
What are Trans-Himalayan Rivers?
Trans-Himalayan rivers originate in the Tibetan region (China) and flow through the Himalayan ranges before entering India. These rivers cut deep gorges through the mountains and carry enormous volumes of water.
Major Trans-Himalayan Rivers in India
| River Name | Origin | States/Regions in India | Mouth/Termination | Notable Tributaries |
| Indus | Lake Mansarovar, Tibet | Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir | Arabian Sea (Pakistan) | Zanskar, Shyok, Nubra, Gilgit |
| Sutlej | Rakshastal Lake, Tibet | Himachal Pradesh, Punjab | Joins Indus in Pakistan | Spiti, Baspa |
| Brahmaputra | Angsi Glacier, Tibet (as Tsangpo) | Arunachal Pradesh, Assam | Bay of Bengal (via Bangladesh) | Lohit, Dibang, Subansiri |
| Zanskar | Zanskar Valley, Ladakh | Ladakh | Joins Indus River | Doda, Tsarap |
| Spiti | Kunzum Range, Himachal Pradesh | Himachal Pradesh | Joins Sutlej River | Pin, Lingti |
| Shyok | Rimo Glacier, Ladakh | Ladakh | Joins Indus River in Pakistan | Nubra River |
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