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Correct Answer: D. Wular Lake
Wular Lake is the Largest Freshwater Lake in India
Wular Lake, located in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, holds the title of the largest freshwater lake in India. Spanning an area of approximately 200 square kilometers, this lake plays a vital role in the hydrological and ecological balance of the Kashmir Valley. It is fed primarily by the Jhelum River, which both enters and exits the lake, making it a key component of the region’s river system.
What makes Wular Lake unique is not just its size, but also its dynamic nature. Its area fluctuates seasonally due to rainfall, snowmelt, and human activity, making it a living example of a natural flood reservoir. During high rainfall or snowmelt, it acts as a buffer, absorbing excess water and preventing downstream flooding.
Ecological Importance of Wular Lake
Wular Lake is a Ramsar Site, which means it is recognized internationally for its importance as a wetland. It supports a rich biodiversity that includes:
- Migratory birds such as the mallard, common teal, and pochard.
- A variety of fish species, which provide a livelihood to thousands of local fishermen.
- Aquatic vegetation that supports both the local ecosystem and human use.
Moreover, it plays a crucial role in groundwater recharge, climate moderation, and supporting agriculture in the surrounding region.
Other Options and Why They Are Not Correct
- Chilika Lake (Option A): Although it is the largest coastal lagoon in India, Chilika is a brackish water lake, not a freshwater one.
- Periyar Lake (Option B): Located in Kerala, this is a man-made freshwater lake formed by the Mullaperiyar Dam, but it’s not the largest.
- Naini Lake (Option C): Situated in Uttarakhand, Naini Lake is a popular freshwater lake, but it’s relatively small in size.
Human Impact and Conservation Efforts towards Wular Lake
Over the years, Wular Lake has faced threats due to siltation, encroachment, and pollution. The reduction in size and quality of water has prompted several conservation initiatives by the Wular Conservation and Management Authority (WUCMA). Restoration projects focus on dredging, clearing encroachments, and reviving natural inflow channels.
Did You Know?
| The largest lake in India is Vembanad Lake, located in the state of Kerala. It stretches across several districts (covering an area of more than 2,000 square kilometers), including Alappuzha, Kottayam, and Ernakulam, and is famous for its scenic beauty and unique ecosystem. |
To sum up, the largest freshwater lake in India is Wular Lake, both in terms of surface area and ecological significance. Being aware of its geographical and environmental role gives us deeper insight into the natural resources and challenges of our country.
Common Doubts in Geography
