SIAL and SIMA are the divisions of _

SIAL refers to the Earth’s continental crust layer rich in silicon (Si) and aluminium (Al). It primarily forms the upper part of the crust and is composed mainly of granitic rocks.

SIMA lies beneath the SIAL layer and is rich in silicon (Si) and magnesium (Ma). It forms the lower part of the crust and is mainly made up of basaltic rocks, denser than those in the SIAL layer.

Correct Answer

Option A: 

The lithosphere is the rigid, outermost layer of the Earth, comprising the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath, playing a key role in geological processes like earthquakes, volcanic activity, and continental drift. SIAL and SIMA are layers of the Earth’s crust, with SIAL found beneath the continents and SIMA located beneath the ocean floor. Together, they extend to a depth of about 60 kilometers below the Earth’s surface, making this the correct option.

Option B:

The hydrosphere includes all the water present on Earth—in liquid, solid, and gaseous forms—such as oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, groundwater, and water vapor in the atmosphere. It plays a vital role in Earth’s climate, weather patterns, and the support of life.

Option C:

The biosphere is the zone of life on Earth, encompassing all living organisms and the environments in which they exist—land, water, and atmosphere. It includes interactions between the atmosphere (air), lithosphere (land), and hydrosphere (water) that support life.

Option D:

This option is incorrect because we already have the correct answer from one of the options above.

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