Green Revolution was started in India in ___

1. 1960–63
2. 1964–65
3. 1964–66
4. 1965–68

Correct Answer: 4) 1965–68

The Green Revolution, launched in 1965–68, transformed India’s agriculture with HYV seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation, making the country food-secure. Led by M.S. Swaminathan, it boosted wheat and rice production but faced challenges like environmental damage and inequality. Its legacy shapes India’s farming today.

What Was the Green Revolution?

The Green Revolution was a massive push in the 1960s to boost India’s food production using modern farming techniques. Starting around 1965–68, it brought in high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds for crops like wheat and rice, along with chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and better irrigation. India was facing famines and heavy reliance on food imports, so this was a desperate move to feed millions.

Led by scientists like M.S. Swaminathan and backed by the government, the revolution transformed states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh into agricultural hubs. For students, this topic shows how science and policy teamed up to solve a crisis, making it a must-know for understanding India’s growth.

Why 1965–68?

The period 1965–68 marks when the Green Revolution took off, with HYV seeds for wheat, developed by Norman Borlaug, being widely adopted in India. The other options—1960–63, 1964–65, and 1964–66—are too early, as the major rollout of seeds, irrigation projects, and government support hit full swing in 1965. By 1968, wheat production had doubled in key areas, proving the revolution’s success.

This timeline aligns with India’s Third Five-Year Plan, which prioritized agriculture after drought years. For students, knowing the exact period helps you connect the Green Revolution to India’s economic and social history, showing how a few years changed the nation’s fate.

Quick Facts

• Time Period: 1965–68.
• Key Figure: M.S. Swaminathan, “Father of the Green Revolution in India.”
• Innovations: HYV seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, tractors.
• Impact: Doubled wheat production, achieved food self-sufficiency.
• Challenges: Soil degradation, inequality, water overuse.
• Legacy: Foundation for India’s modern agriculture.

Key Players and Innovations

M.S. Swaminathan, often called the “Father of the Green Revolution in India,” worked with global scientists like Norman Borlaug to adapt HYV seeds for Indian soil. These seeds grew faster and produced more grain, but they needed lots of water and fertilizers. Tractors, tube wells, and pesticides also became common, modernizing farming in places like Punjab.

The government played a big role, offering subsidies for fertilizers and setting up agricultural research centers. For students, understanding these innovations and the people behind them shows how teamwork between science, policy, and farmers pulled off a miracle in food production.

Impact on Indian Agriculture

The Green Revolution was a massive win, boosting India’s food grain output from 72 million tons in 1965 to over 100 million by the early 1970s. Wheat and rice production soared, making India self-sufficient and even an exporter of grains. Punjab became known as India’s breadbasket, with farmers reaping bigger harvests and better incomes.

But it wasn’t all rosy. The focus on wheat and rice sidelined other crops, and heavy fertilizer use hurt soil health in some areas. For students, this shows the pros and cons of big changes, making the Green Revolution a great case study in balancing progress with sustainability.

Challenges and Criticisms

The Green Revolution had its downsides. It favored richer farmers who could afford fertilizers and irrigation, leaving smaller farmers behind and widening inequality. Overuse of chemicals led to soil degradation and water pollution, while water-intensive crops strained groundwater in places like Punjab.

Regions like eastern India didn’t benefit as much, as the revolution focused on well-irrigated areas. For students, these challenges highlight the complexity of agricultural progress, showing why the Green Revolution is still debated in economics and environmental studies.

Legacy of the Green Revolution

Today, the Green Revolution’s legacy lives on. India’s food security owes a lot to those 1965–68 efforts, and the country now produces over 300 million tons of food grains annually. It also paved the way for modern farming in India, with ongoing research into sustainable crops and methods to fix past mistakes.

For students, the Green Revolution is a story of innovation and resilience, but also a lesson in thinking long-term. It’s a topic that connects history, science, and economics, showing how big ideas can shape a nation’s future while sparking debates about sustainability.

Summary

Question: Green Revolution was started in India in _
Answer: Green Revolution was started in India in 1965-68.
The Green Revolution of 1965–68 was a turning point for India, proving that science and grit can tackle hunger. For students, it’s a fascinating mix of history, science, and real-world impact, showing both the wins and the lessons learned. Digging into this topic brings India’s agricultural story to life!

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