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The correct answer is option B. Girijans
Adivasis, meaning “original inhabitants,” are also known as Girijans, which translates to “hill people.” They are indigenous communities in India, traditionally residing in forests and hilly regions.
Complete Answer
Who are Adivasis?
Adivasis are the indigenous people of India who have lived in the country for thousands of years, long before the arrival of other civilisations. They make up about 8.6% of India’s population (Census 2011) and are primarily found in states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, and the northeastern regions.
They have their own distinct languages, traditions, and cultural practices, which set them apart from mainstream society.
Why are Adivasis Called Girijans?
The term Girijan means “people of the hills.” Many Adivasi communities traditionally lived in remote mountainous and forested areas. The name highlights their deep connection with nature and their dependence on forests for survival, including food, medicine, and shelter.
Apart from Girijans, Adivasis are also called:
- Tribals – A general term used to describe indigenous communities.
- Vanvasi – Meaning “forest dwellers,” referring to their traditional habitat.
Historical Significance of Adivasis
- Adivasi leaders like Birsa Munda and Sidhu-Kanhu led revolts against British rule. The Santhal Rebellion (1855-56) and Munda Rebellion (1899-1900) were major uprisings led by tribal communities.
- Adivasis have a rich tradition of folk music, dance, and art, such as Warli paintings and Baiga tattoos.
- Despite their rich heritage, many Adivasi communities face challenges like: Loss of land due to deforestation and industrialisation, limited access to education and healthcare, and social discrimination.
- Did you know that some Adivasi languages, like Santhali, have their own script and are recognized in the Indian Constitution? The Santali script is called Ol Chiki and is officially listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India!
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