Phrases for Supporting Arguments in IELTS: Phrases, Useful Tips and Sample Questions

IELTS General Writing Task 2 poses a major challenge for test takers to craft comprehensive essays. One of the most common difficulties students face is constructing well-developed supporting arguments in their IELTS Writing Task 2 and Speaking Part 3 responses. This is where phrases for supporting arguments in IELTS become essential.

These phrases are expressions that help justify, explain, or strengthen an opinion effectively. They allow candidates to connect ideas logically, provide relevant evidence, and make arguments more coherent and persuasive. Using such phrases appropriately enhances clarity, flow, and academic tone, helping responses sound structured and confident.

Phrases for Supporting Arguments in IELTS

Following the earlier discussion on the importance of using structured expressions, this section focuses on how phrases for supporting arguments in IELTS help elevate the overall quality of responses. These phrases not only support opinions but also demonstrate a candidate’s ability to reason logically and present ideas in an organised manner.

In IELTS Writing Task 2 and IELTS Speaking Part 3, employing these expressions enables test takers to justify viewpoints, connect supporting evidence, and ensure coherence across their arguments. By doing so, they showcase analytical depth and language precision—two key aspects that contribute to higher band scores.

Below are some essential categories of phrases that help strengthen supporting arguments and make responses sound natural and well-developed:

1. Phrases for Adding Examples

Phrases for Adding Examples are essential tools for strengthening arguments in IELTS writing and speaking. They help students illustrate points clearly, provide concrete evidence, and make ideas more persuasive. As a key category of supporting phrases, they connect general statements to specific instances, making essays and responses coherent, credible, and academically polished. This section highlights key phrases for adding examples, enabling students to support their arguments effectively and communicate their ideas confidently to examiners.

Phrase for Adding Examples	Meaning	Example Sentences
A case in point is	Introduce an example that perfectly demonstrates the argument	The impact of social media on political discourse is significant; a case in point is the rise of citizen journalism during the last election cycle.
A striking example is	Introduce a particularly notable or powerful example	The rapid pace of technological development is undeniable; a striking example is the advent of commercially available quantum computing prototypes.
A representative example is	Introduce an example that accurately reflects the typical nature of the claim	The challenges faced by start-ups are numerous. A representative example is the difficulty in securing initial seed funding without a proven market prototype.
As an illustration	Introduce a case that clarifies or demonstrates the preceding idea	Innovative teaching methodologies are being adopted. As an illustration, virtual reality field trips are now integrated into the history curriculum.
As exemplified by	A slightly more formal alternative to ‘exemplified by’	The evolution of political campaigning has been fundamentally altered by digital tools, as exemplified by the micro-targeting of advertisements based on voter data.
As demonstrated by	Similar to ‘demonstrated by’, a slightly more formal variation	The importance of early intervention in learning disabilities is critical, as demonstrated by longitudinal studies showing vastly improved outcomes for children who received support before the age of seven.
As documented in	Introduce an example that is supported by published or recorded material	Public health campaigns can significantly alter societal behaviour. As documented in the Ministry of Health’s report, smoking rates dropped following the implementation of plain packaging laws.
By way of example	A formal alternative to “for example”	Technological advancements continue to disrupt traditional industries. By way of example, the hospitality sector is increasingly relying on robotic automation for routine tasks.
Demonstrated by	Indicating a specific demonstration of the principle	The adaptive nature of human language is well-established, demonstrated by the rapid incorporation of new vocabulary related to digital technology.
Drawing on the example of	Introduce a specific case as evidence	The effectiveness of public-private partnerships must be scrutinised. Drawing on the example of the high-speed rail project, cost overruns and delays have been significant.
Exemplified by	Show that the general statement is demonstrated by the following case	The shift towards renewable energy sources is globally observable, exemplified by the massive investment in offshore wind farms across Europe.
For example	The most common phrase to introduce a specific instance	Students often struggle with time management; for example, many defer large assignments until the night before the deadline.
For instance	Introduce a specific example to support a general statement	The university’s commitment to sustainability is evident; for instance, its new dormitory operates entirely on solar power.
Consider, for example,	Imperative to invite the reader to think about a specific case	The challenges of urban density are multi-faceted; consider, for example, the strain placed on public transport infrastructure.
In the form of	Specify the particular nature or way the concept appears	Funding for the arts often comes in the form of government grants and private philanthropic endowments.
In particular	Single out one significant example from a larger set	Developing nations face numerous challenges in infrastructure, in particular the lack of reliable electrical grids and clean water access in rural areas.
In particular reference to	Narrow the focus to a specific area providing an example	Government policies should encourage investment in regional areas. In particular reference to rural infrastructure, subsidies for broadband internet installation are necessary.
Specifically	Introduce a precise, detailed example or aspect	The legislation aims to curb financial misconduct, specifically targeting insider trading and market manipulation schemes.
Illustrated by the fact that	Introduce a specific fact or statistic that demonstrates the claim	The public’s desire for transparency in government is growing, illustrated by the fact that freedom of information requests have tripled over the last decade.
It is possible to cite	Introduce an example that serves as a piece of evidence	The positive influence of cultural diversity on innovation is frequently cited. It is possible to cite research teams where members from different national backgrounds reported higher rates of successful patent applications.
This is clearly shown by	Provide strong, unambiguous support	Investment in foundational scientific research is vital. This is clearly shown by the discovery of penicillin, which emerged from pure research with no immediate commercial goal.
Including	Introduce a non-exhaustive list of items	The institution offers a wide array of support services, including peer tutoring, mental health counseling, and career guidance workshops.
One instance is	Introduce a single, specific occurrence	The success of decentralised work models is increasing; one instance is the technology firm that permanently closed its physical headquarters after a productive trial period.
One major illustration is	Introduce a substantial or very relevant example	Ethical considerations dominate debates around genetic engineering. One major illustration is the moral boundary concerning human germline editing.
Particularly	Emphasise one specific example or aspect	The region’s economy relies heavily on primary industries, particularly mining and timber production.
Take the example of	Introduce a specific case for consideration	Governments often use fiscal policy to manage inflation. Take the example of raising interest rates to reduce borrowing and subsequently cool down an overheated economy.
Let us consider	Formal, slightly persuasive way to introduce a supportive case	The ethical dilemmas of autonomous systems are complex. Let us consider the scenario of a self-driving car facing an unavoidable accident and the programming parameters governing its decision-making process.
This pattern is evident in	Link a general pattern or trend to a specific instance	The interdisciplinary nature of modern academia is becoming standard. This pattern is evident in the creation of joint degree programs combining computer science and linguistics.
To show this	Concise linking phrase to introduce evidence	The efficacy of the new medical treatment is significant. To show this, patient recovery times decreased by an average of thirty percent during the clinical trials.
To elaborate	Signal that the following information will provide more detail or an example	The university must increase its outreach programs. To elaborate, it should establish partnerships with disadvantaged secondary schools to offer mentorship.
To illustrate this point	Signal that the following information will provide a concrete example	Many cities face traffic congestion challenges. To illustrate this point, recent data from the capital shows average commuter delays have increased by 20 percent.
To put this into context	Introduce an example that provides background or practical setting	Policy decisions must account for regional differences. To put this into context, a national housing policy suitable for a dense city may be inappropriate for a low-population rural community.
Such as	Introduce specific items that are examples of something just mentioned	Global collaboration is essential in scientific research, in fields such as astrophysics and deep-sea exploration.
The most telling example is	Provide the clearest or most conclusive piece of evidence	The disparity in wealth distribution is a pressing global issue. The most telling example is the statistic that the richest one percent of the population holds nearly half of the world’s total financial assets.
The best illustration is	Introduce the clearest or most suitable example	Effective leadership requires emotional intelligence. The best illustration is a manager who successfully mediated a complex team conflict, focusing on understanding all perspectives.
This is borne out by	Indicate the preceding statement is confirmed or proven by evidence	The economic forecast suggested a slowdown in consumer spending. This is borne out by the retail sector’s reported decline in quarterly sales.
This phenomenon is exemplified in	Link a general trend to a specific case	The gradual erosion of traditional craftsmanship is a global trend. This phenomenon is exemplified in the decline of specialized artisanal workshops in major metropolitan areas.
This includes	Introduce examples that are part of the larger topic	Maintaining physical and mental well-being is crucial for productivity. This includes regular exercise, adequate sleep, and mindful practices.
What this means is that	Introduce a clarification or consequence that serves as an example	Climate change directly impacts food security. What this means is that extended droughts in major agricultural regions are reducing crop yields globally.
We can see this trend in	Point to a current or ongoing situation as evidence	The consumer preference for sustainable products is accelerating. We can see this trend in the sharp increase in sales of ethically sourced and low-carbon footprint goods.
We can highlight	Introduce an example that deserves emphasis	The necessity of adapting global health strategies is clear. We can highlight the rapid development of mRNA vaccines as a response to a global pandemic as a successful adaptation.

Explore: Less Common Words in IELTS

2. IELTS Phrases for Supporting Arguments with Examples

IELTS Phrases for Supporting Arguments with Examples are vital tools for enhancing the strength and clarity of arguments in writing and speaking tasks. They allow students to provide evidence, illustrate points effectively, and make their ideas more persuasive. As an important category of supporting phrases, they help link general statements to specific instances, improving coherence, credibility, and academic tone. This section presents fifty carefully selected phrases with examples, enabling learners to express arguments confidently and support their points convincingly in the IELTS examination.

Phrase for Adding Examples	Meaning	Example Sentences
For instance	Introduce a specific example to support a general statement	The university’s commitment to sustainability is evident; for instance, its new dormitory operates entirely on solar power.
Such as	Introduce specific items that are examples of something just mentioned	Global collaboration is essential in scientific research, in fields such as astrophysics and deep-sea exploration.
To illustrate this point	Signal that the following information will provide a concrete example	Many cities face traffic congestion challenges. To illustrate this point, recent data from the capital shows average commuter delays have increased by 20 percent.
As an illustration	Introduce a case that clarifies or demonstrates the preceding idea	Innovative teaching methodologies are being adopted. As an illustration, virtual reality field trips are now integrated into the history curriculum.
A striking example is	Introduce a particularly notable or powerful example	The rapid pace of technological development is undeniable; a striking example is the advent of commercially available quantum computing prototypes.
A case in point is	Introduce an example that perfectly demonstrates the argument	The impact of social media on political discourse is significant; a case in point is the rise of citizen journalism during the last election cycle.
To give an example	A simple, direct way to introduce a supportive example	Environmental regulations have encouraged business innovation. To give an example, many manufacturing firms have developed advanced closed-loop recycling systems.
Exemplified by	Show that the general statement is made clear or demonstrated	The shift towards renewable energy sources is globally observable, exemplified by the massive investment in offshore wind farms across Europe.
This can be seen in	Direct attention to a specific situation where the general principle is manifest	A strong correlation exists between early childhood education and later academic success. This can be seen in the improved literacy rates among graduates of universal preschool programs.
For example	The most common and versatile phrase to introduce a specific instance	Students often struggle with time management; for example, many defer large assignments until the night before the deadline.
Particularly	Emphasise one specific example or aspect as being notable	The region’s economy relies heavily on primary industries, particularly mining and timber production.
Notably	Introduce an example worthy of special attention	Several ethical concerns arise with artificial intelligence. Notably, the potential for algorithmic bias in hiring processes requires immediate regulatory oversight.
Including	Introduce a non-exhaustive list of items that are part of a larger group	The institution offers a wide array of support services, including peer tutoring, mental health counseling, and career guidance workshops.
Specifically	Introduce a precise, detailed example or aspect	The legislation aims to curb financial misconduct, specifically targeting insider trading and market manipulation schemes.
In the form of	Specify the particular nature or way the general concept appears	Funding for the arts often comes in the form of government grants and private philanthropic endowments.
Consider, for example,	Invite the reader or listener to think about a specific case	The challenges of urban density are multi-faceted; consider, for example, the strain placed on public transport infrastructure.
One instance is	Introduce a single, specific occurrence that supports the claim	The success of decentralised work models is increasing; one instance is the technology firm that permanently closed its physical headquarters after a productive trial period.
To show this	Concise linking phrase to introduce evidence	The efficacy of the new medical treatment is significant. To show this, patient recovery times decreased by an average of thirty percent during the clinical trials.
By way of example	A formal alternative to “for example”	Technological advancements continue to disrupt traditional industries. By way of example, the hospitality sector is increasingly relying on robotic automation for routine tasks.
This is borne out by	Indicate the preceding statement is confirmed or proven by the following evidence	The economic forecast suggested a slowdown in consumer spending. This is borne out by the retail sector’s reported decline in quarterly sales.
Evidence of this can be found in	A formal way to introduce a specific source of proof	The historic migration patterns were dictated by resource availability. Evidence of this can be found in the archaeological analysis of ancient settlement locations near major rivers.
Demonstrated by	Indicate a specific demonstration of the principle	The adaptive nature of human language is well-established, demonstrated by the rapid incorporation of new vocabulary related to digital technology.
A vivid example is	Used for a particularly clear, strong, or memorable example	The damaging effects of deforestation are visible globally. A vivid example is the accelerated soil erosion observed in recently cleared tropical rainforests.
The best illustration is	Introduce the most suitable or clearest example	Effective leadership requires emotional intelligence. The best illustration is a manager who successfully mediated a complex team conflict, focusing on understanding all perspectives.
As documented in	Introduce an example that is supported by published or recorded material	Public health campaigns can significantly alter societal behaviour. As documented in the Ministry of Health’s report, smoking rates dropped following the implementation of plain packaging laws.
One can observe this in	Direct the reader’s attention to a particular scenario or location	The principle of supply and demand governs market prices. One can observe this in the fluctuating cost of seasonal produce based on harvest yields.
To elaborate	Signal that the following information will provide more detail or an example	The university must increase its outreach programs. To elaborate, it should establish partnerships with disadvantaged secondary schools to offer mentorship.
It is possible to cite	Introduce an example that serves as a piece of evidence	The positive influence of cultural diversity on innovation is frequently cited. It is possible to cite research teams where members from different national backgrounds reported higher rates of successful patent applications.
This is clearly shown by	Used for an example that provides strong, unambiguous support	Investment in foundational scientific research is vital. This is clearly shown by the discovery of penicillin, which emerged from pure research with no immediate commercial goal.
Take the example of	Introduce a specific case for consideration	Governments often use fiscal policy to manage inflation. Take the example of raising interest rates to reduce borrowing and subsequently cool down an overheated economy.
This phenomenon is exemplified in	A formal way to link a general trend to a specific case	The gradual erosion of traditional craftsmanship is a global trend. This phenomenon is exemplified in the decline of specialized artisanal workshops in major metropolitan areas.
We can see this trend in	Point to a current or ongoing situation that serves as evidence	The consumer preference for sustainable products is accelerating. We can see this trend in the sharp increase in sales of ethically sourced and low-carbon footprint goods.
Let us consider	A formal way to introduce a supportive case	The ethical dilemmas of autonomous systems are complex. Let us consider the scenario of a self-driving car facing an unavoidable accident and the programming parameters governing its decision-making process.
In particular	Single out one significant example from a larger set	Developing nations face numerous challenges in infrastructure, in particular the lack of reliable electrical grids and clean water access in rural areas.
This pattern is evident in	Link a previously mentioned general pattern or trend to a specific instance	The interdisciplinary nature of modern academia is becoming standard. This pattern is evident in the creation of joint degree programs combining computer science and linguistics.
As exemplified by	A slightly more formal alternative to ‘exemplified by’	The evolution of political campaigning has been fundamentally altered by digital tools, as exemplified by the micro-targeting of advertisements based on voter data.
To put this into context	Introduce an example that provides background or practical setting	Policy decisions must account for regional differences. To put this into context, a national housing policy suitable for a dense city may be inappropriate for a low-population rural community.
This includes	Introduce examples that are part of the larger topic	Maintaining physical and mental well-being is crucial for productivity. This includes regular exercise, adequate sleep, and mindful practices.
Illustrated by the fact that	Introduce a specific fact or statistic that demonstrates the claim	The public’s desire for transparency in government is growing, illustrated by the fact that freedom of information requests have tripled over the last decade.
A representative example is	Introduce an example that accurately reflects the typical nature of the claim	The challenges faced by start-ups are numerous. A representative example is the difficulty in securing initial seed funding without a proven market prototype.
Drawing on the example of	Introduce a specific case that will be the source of evidence	The effectiveness of public-private partnerships must be scrutinised. Drawing on the example of the high-speed rail project, cost overruns and delays have been significant.
What this means is that	Introduce a clarification or consequence that serves as an example	Climate change directly impacts food security. What this means is that extended droughts in major agricultural regions are reducing crop yields globally.
The prime example is	Introduce the most important or relevant example	The historical significance of cultural exchange cannot be overstated. The prime example is the Silk Road, which facilitated the movement of goods, ideas, and technologies between East and West.
As demonstrated by	A slightly more formal variation of ‘demonstrated by’	The importance of early intervention in learning disabilities is critical, as demonstrated by longitudinal studies showing vastly improved outcomes for children who received support before the age of seven.
One major illustration is	Used for a substantial or very relevant example	Ethical considerations dominate debates around genetic engineering. One major illustration is the moral boundary concerning human germline editing.
This is evident from	Link the general statement directly to observable evidence	The shift to digital learning resources is widespread. This is evident from the majority of university libraries now prioritising e-book acquisitions over print volumes.
In particular reference to	Narrow the focus to a specific area that provides an example	Government policies should encourage investment in regional areas. In particular reference to rural infrastructure, subsidies for broadband internet installation are necessary.
The following example illustrates	A direct introductory phrase for an example	The resilience of ecosystems is often underestimated. The following example illustrates the rapid recovery of a forest area that was devastated by wildfire, showing natural regeneration within a decade.
We can highlight	Introduce an example that deserves emphasis	The necessity of adapting global health strategies is clear. We can highlight the rapid development of mRNA vaccines as a response to a global pandemic as a successful adaptation.
The most telling example is	Used for the example that is the clearest or most conclusive piece of evidence	The disparity in wealth distribution is a pressing global issue. The most telling example is the statistic that the richest one percent of the population holds nearly half of the world’s total financial assets.

Also Read: IELTS Semi-Formal Letter

3. Phrases for Explaining Causes or Reasons for Supporting Arguments

Phrases for Explaining Causes or Reasons are essential tools for clarifying why a particular point or argument is valid in IELTS writing and speaking. They help students link ideas logically, provide clear reasoning, and make arguments more persuasive. This section presents key phrases that enable learners to explain causes effectively, strengthen their points, and maintain coherence and academic credibility in their responses.

Phrase for Explaining Cause/Reason	Meaning	Example Sentences
Because of	Introduces the specific reason or cause for the main clause (often followed by a noun or noun phrase)	The project faced significant delays because of unexpected regulatory changes.
Due to	Indicates the cause or reason (formal, often used at the start of a sentence or before a noun)	Due to the increasing volume of digital data, new ethical guidelines are urgently required.
Owing to	A formal alternative to ‘due to’ or ‘because of’	The company’s expansion into international markets was highly successful, owing to extensive preliminary research.
Since	Used to state the reason, often when the reason is already well-known or less central than the result	Since the data suggests a clear correlation, further investigation into the variables is justified.
As	Used to introduce a reason (less formal than ‘since’ or ‘because’)	The theory was widely accepted, as it provided a comprehensive explanation for the phenomenon.
Because	Introduces a clause that explains the reason for the main clause	Funding for the arts must be increased because it fosters creativity and cultural literacy in society.
The primary reason is	Used to introduce the most important cause or motivation	The decline in biodiversity is alarming; the primary reason is habitat destruction from agricultural expansion.
This stems from	Indicates that the effect or situation originates from the following cause	The current labour shortage stems from a combination of reduced immigration and early retirements.
The underlying cause is	Refers to the fundamental or hidden reason	Despite immediate measures, the systemic inequality persists; the underlying cause is a lack of access to quality education.
Attributable to	Indicates that the effect is caused by the stated factor	The significant rise in sea levels is directly attributable to accelerated melting of polar ice caps.
The main factor is	Similar to ‘primary reason,’ used to pinpoint the most influential cause	The success of the political campaign was largely determined by youth engagement; the main factor is the effective use of social media platforms.
On account of	A formal phrase indicating the reason for something	The experiment was prematurely terminated on account of unforeseen equipment malfunction.
The rationale behind this is	Used to explain the logical justification or reasoning	Introducing mandatory digital literacy courses is essential; the rationale behind this is the necessity of equipping all students for the modern workforce.
The causation lies in	A formal phrase linking the effect directly to its source	The widespread distrust of public institutions suggests that the causation lies in a series of high-profile financial scandals.
In view of	Means ‘considering the fact that,’ often preceding a factor that necessitated the action	In view of the evidence presented in the latest report, the committee decided to revise its initial recommendations.
Is the result of	Directly links an outcome to its cause	The shift towards remote work is the result of advancements in telecommunication technology.
Arising from	Indicates that the current situation originated from the stated source	New challenges in cybersecurity are continually arising from the increased sophistication of hacking techniques.
A major impetus for	Refers to the main driving force or motivation behind an action or development	The desire for sustainable urban development served as a major impetus for the city’s investment in electric public transport.
Can be ascribed to	A formal phrase meaning the effect can be attributed to the cause	The surprising resilience of the local economy can be ascribed to its diverse industry base.
It is primarily motivated by	Used to explain the main driving force or intention	The policy reform is primarily motivated by the need to reduce the national debt burden.
As a consequence of	Introduces the cause that led to a specific result	Stricter pollution controls were implemented as a consequence of mounting public health concerns.
The root cause is	Used to identify the fundamental, initial cause	Addressing the symptoms is insufficient; the root cause is the systemic underfunding of social services.
Is explained by	Directly links a phenomenon to the reason that clarifies it	The sudden drop in stock values is explained by the central bank’s unexpected decision to raise interest rates.
The underlying reason for	A slightly more formal variation of ‘the underlying cause’	The underlying reason for the cultural phenomenon is the rapid evolution of digital communication platforms.
Derives from	Indicates that the effect originates from the stated source or factor	Modern constitutional law often derives from Enlightenment philosophies regarding individual liberties.
The key determinant is	Refers to the most important deciding factor	In assessing a student’s final grade, the key determinant is the quality of their independent research project.
This is mainly because	A common, direct way to introduce the principal reason	Universities are expanding their interdisciplinary programs. This is mainly because complex global challenges require varied expertise.
Given that	Means ‘taking into consideration the fact that,’ used to introduce the cause/premise	Given that global temperatures continue to rise, urgent international cooperation on emissions reduction is essential.
Springs from	A slightly more evocative term indicating origin or source	Much of the current philosophical debate springs from disagreements over the definition of consciousness.
The logic dictates that	Introduces a reason based on logical necessity or consequence	Implementing stricter quality controls is necessary; the logic dictates that reduced defects will lead to increased consumer trust.
Prompted by	Indicates the cause that initiated the action	The regulatory change was prompted by an audit that revealed significant inconsistencies in financial reporting.
The justification for this is	Used to explain the moral or logical basis for a claim or action	Expanding access to public parks is crucial; the justification for this is the proven link between green spaces and improved mental health.
The necessity stems from	Used to link the need for action to its cause	The necessity of a new global treaty stems from the inability of individual nations to solve cross-border environmental issues alone.
Is predicated on	Means ‘is based on’ or ‘depends on’ a fundamental reason/assumption	The entire economic model is predicated on the assumption of consistent, long-term growth.
In light of	Similar to ‘in view of,’ meaning ‘considering the facts’	In light of the latest epidemiological data, the public health advisory has been updated to reflect the higher risk level.
The driving force is	Refers to the most powerful agent causing the change	In the shift toward electric vehicles, the driving force is a combination of government subsidies and evolving consumer environmental awareness.
The factor responsible is	A direct and clear way to name the cause	The dramatic increase in agricultural yields over the last century; the factor responsible is the application of modern synthetic fertilisers.
In essence, this is because	Used to introduce the fundamental or core reason	Many historical interpretations conflict; in essence, this is because they rely on differing primary source translations.
Is explained away by	Suggests the cause is simple or easily understood, often to dismiss complexity	The initial anomaly in the experiment is explained away by a simple calibration error in the sensor.
The impetus was	A slightly more formal and often historical term for ‘driving force’	The impetus was the need to centralize national defence after the regional conflicts of the early 20th century.
Has its genesis in	A formal way to indicate the original point of creation or cause	The long-standing border dispute has its genesis in colonial-era mapping errors.
As a result of	Used to introduce the cause that produced the effect	Research funding was increased as a result of the sector’s demonstrated potential for economic growth.
Is directly tied to	Indicates a very strong, causal relationship	Student loan default rates are directly tied to the rising cost of tuition and post-graduation earning potential.
The underlying principle is that	Introduces the foundational rule or theory that explains the cause	The success of the open-source movement is profound; the underlying principle is that collaboration accelerates innovation faster than proprietary development.
This can be attributed to	A slightly more common alternative to ‘can be ascribed to’	The change in policy direction can be attributed to a shift in the prevailing political ideology following the election.
The basis for this is	Refers to the foundational reason or justification	The court’s ruling was controversial; the basis for this is a literal interpretation of an antiquated statute.
Given the fact that	A slightly more verbose but formal alternative to ‘Given that’	Given the fact that resources are finite, prioritising educational spending over military expenditure is a clear moral imperative.
Rooted in	Indicates that the cause is deep-seated or fundamental	The cultural resistance to technological change is rooted in a fear of job displacement and social fragmentation.
The phenomenon arises because	A formal way to link an observable event to its reason	The phenomenon of late-stage specialization in education arises because of the increasing complexity and breadth of modern academic disciplines.
The cause is not merely… but also…	Shows a complex, multi-faceted cause	The failure of the negotiations: the cause is not merely a lack of political will, but also deep-seated historical mistrust between the parties

4. IELTS Phrases for Supporting Evidence or Facts 

Phrases for Supporting Evidence or Facts are vital for substantiating arguments in IELTS writing and speaking. They help students provide credible proof, reinforce points with accuracy, and enhance the academic reliability of their responses. This section presents key phrases that enable learners to present evidence effectively, strengthen arguments, and maintain logical coherence and persuasive clarity in essays and spoken answers

1. Direct Introduction of Evidence

Direct Introduction of Evidence phrases are used to formally introduce a specific fact, statistic, or piece of data that directly supports the main claim. They establish a clear link between the argument and the proof.

Function of Introduction of Evidence	Phrases for Direct Introduction	Example Sentences
Introducing a known fact or statistic	According to recent studies	According to recent studies, regular meditation reduces self-reported stress levels by thirty percent.
Referencing specific data	As per the statistics	The decline in manufacturing jobs is clear, as per the statistics released by the Department of Labour last quarter.
Highlighting a documented finding	It is important to note that	It is important to note that the trial group receiving the new intervention showed faster recovery times than the control group.
Citing a source’s confirmation	Confirmed by the data from	The hypothesis regarding market saturation is confirmed by the data from the national economic census.
Directly stating the proof	The evidence shows that	The evidence shows that early language acquisition is significantly boosted by consistent exposure to bilingual environments.

2. Linking Evidence to the Main Argument

Linking Evidence to the Main Argument phrases are used after presenting the main argument to seamlessly transition into the supporting evidence, ensuring coherence and cohesion.

Function of Linking Evidence to the Main Argument	Phrases for Linking Evidence	Example Sentences
Showing confirmation	This is confirmed by	The policy’s goal was to increase voter turnout; this is confirmed by the fifty percent rise in participation among young adults.
Indicating what the claim rests on	Is substantiated by	The claim of environmental restoration is substantiated by satellite imagery showing a forty percent increase in forest canopy coverage.
Providing proof/validation	This can be proven by	The theory of diminishing returns applies here; this can be proven by the final experiment that yielded no further productivity gains.
Showing a factual basis	Based on the findings of	Ethical guidelines were revised based on the findings of the independent review into data privacy breaches.
Reinforcing the argument	In support of this notion	In support of this notion, a cross-cultural analysis revealed a preference for collaborative work models in three out of five studied nations.

3. Emphasising the Strength of Evidence

Emphasising the Strength of Evidence phrases are used when the evidence is particularly strong, undeniable, or compelling, enhancing the persuasive power of the argument.

Function of Emphasising the Strength of Evidence	Phrases for Emphasising Strength	Example Sentences
Stating certainty	It is an indisputable fact that	It is an indisputable fact that renewable energy technologies are becoming cost-competitive with fossil fuels.
Highlighting clarity of evidence	Clearly supported by	The necessity of early intervention in childhood development is clearly supported by neurological research.
Stating obviousness	As is widely known	As is widely known, regular physical activity plays a critical role in preventing chronic diseases.
Underscoring irrefutable proof	The undeniable truth is	The consequences of neglecting infrastructure maintenance are severe; the undeniable truth is that repair costs escalate exponentially over time.
Referring to established knowledge	It is scientifically proven that	It is scientifically proven that the ingestion of microplastics poses a long-term risk to human health.

4. Introducing Specific Statistics or Data

Introducing Specific Statistics or Data are precise phrases used when quoting or referencing numerical or statistical information as concrete evidence.

Function of Introducing Specific Statistics or Data	Phrases for Introducing Statistics	Example Sentences
Introducing figures	The figures indicate that	The figures indicate that average life expectancy has increased by approximately five years over the last two decades.
Citing official research	Research demonstrates that	Research demonstrates that students who engage in regular self-assessment achieve significantly higher grades.
Stating a percentage/number	A significant percentage of	A significant percentage of surveyed professionals, specifically eighty-five percent, reported using AI tools in their daily work.
Referencing quantitative proof	Quantifiable data suggests that	Quantifiable data suggests that investments in public libraries yield a return of five dollars for every one dollar spent.
Using the study’s conclusions	The study concluded that	The study concluded that exposure to natural light positively correlates with enhanced cognitive performance in office workers.

5. Phrases for Linking Ideas Logically

Phrases for Linking Ideas Logically help students connect thoughts clearly and smoothly in IELTS writing and speaking. They ensure arguments flow naturally, highlight relationships between points, and make essays or responses coherent and persuasive. Explore the table below to learn and apply these phrases effectively.

Phrases for Linking Ideas Logically	Function / Purpose	Exemplary Phrases
Addition	To introduce extra information that supports or extends the preceding point.	Furthermore; Moreover; In addition; Additionally; What is more; As well as; Also; Besides; Coupled with; Another point to consider is; To elaborate on this
Contrast or Concession	To introduce an opposing viewpoint, a limitation, or an idea that presents an exception.	However; Conversely; Nevertheless; Nonetheless; In contrast; On the other hand; Whereas; While; Despite this; Even so; Although; Notwithstanding; Alternatively
Result or Consequence	To introduce the effect, outcome, or result of the preceding statement or action.	Therefore; Consequently; As a result; Thus; Hence; Accordingly; For this reason; It follows that
Sequence / Order	To organise points or arguments in a logical, chronological, or structured manner.	Firstly; Secondly; Finally; Subsequently; Then; Next; In the first place; To begin with
Emphasis	To draw attention to a particularly important point, fact, or idea.	Indeed; In fact; Above all; Most importantly; Crucially
Clarification or Restatement	To explain a previous point in simpler terms or rephrase it for better understanding.	In other words; That is to say; To clarify; To put it simply; In essence

Explore: Types of IELTS Essays

6. IELTS Phrases for Illustrating Practical Applications

Phrases for Illustrating Practical Applications help students show how ideas or concepts are applied in real-world situations in IELTS writing and speaking. They make arguments more concrete, relatable, and persuasive. Refer to the table below to explore key phrases and examples for practical application.

Phrase for Illustrating Application	Meaning	Example Sentence (Academic Context)
In practice	Used to show how something works in a real situation, as opposed to theory.	While the theoretical model suggested efficiency, in practice, its implementation required extensive user training.
Applied to	Used to introduce the specific area where a concept or method is being utilised.	The new machine learning algorithm is now being applied to predict financial market volatility.
The real-world implication is	Highlights the consequence or significance of a finding in a practical setting.	The discovery of the new material is crucial; the real-world implication is the production of much lighter and more durable aircraft components.
In a practical sense	Used to explain the tangible, non-theoretical consequence.	For citizens, in a practical sense, the new legislation means faster processing times for identity documents.
To be utilised in	Indicates the specific way or field an idea or tool will be used.	The research findings on human-computer interaction are expected to be utilised in designing safer automotive dashboards.
The immediate benefit is	Focuses on the quick, noticeable advantage of the application.	Following the rollout of the digital system, the immediate benefit is a reported thirty percent reduction in administrative errors.
Its relevance to industry lies in	Links a research finding or idea directly to its commercial or professional value.	The study’s breakthrough in material science; its relevance to industry lies in providing a cheaper alternative to rare-earth metals in electronics.
For operational purposes	Indicates the utility of a concept within a functioning system or organisation.	New satellite imaging is now integrated for operational purposes in national disaster response coordination.
This has practical utility for	A formal way to assert the usefulness of a concept.	The new method for water purification has practical utility for aid agencies working in remote or disaster-stricken regions.
The application translates to	Used to explain how a theoretical idea results in a tangible outcome.	Improved insulation standards: the application translates to a fifty percent decrease in residential heating energy consumption.
From a commercial standpoint	Used to evaluate the application in terms of business or market viability.	From a commercial standpoint, the novel battery technology promises a significant return on investment due to its extended lifespan.
Is leveraged to	Indicates that a resource or concept is being used strategically to gain an advantage.	The vast dataset collected by the platform is leveraged to personalize educational content for individual student needs.
The key takeaway for… is	Highlights the essential practical lesson for a specific group.	For urban planners, the key takeaway for this traffic study is the need to prioritize pedestrian zones over vehicular flow in city centers.
In the service sector	Used to narrow the focus to a specific economic area.	Automation is revolutionizing employment, particularly in the service sector, where many routine tasks are now handled by software.
The practical significance is	A formal phrase emphasizing the importance of the application.	The practical significance is that farmers can now use genetically modified crops that require substantially less pesticide application.
Its primary function is	Used to state the main operational role of a development.	The newly developed sensor’s primary function is to detect minute changes in air quality, alerting residents to pollution spikes.
Implemented in	Indicates the location or system where the application has been put into effect.	The new energy-saving protocols have been successfully implemented in all campus buildings since the start of the year.
To demonstrate its utility	Used to introduce a specific example of the concept in action.	The new security system is highly advanced; to demonstrate its utility, it recently identified a simulated intrusion attempt with perfect accuracy.
Applied research suggests	Refers to studies that are specifically focused on real-world uses.	Applied research suggests that flexible work schedules lead to higher job satisfaction and lower staff turnover.
Its utility extends to	Shows that the application has a wide range or scope.	The technology’s ability to process large datasets; its utility extends to healthcare diagnosis, financial modelling, and logistics optimisation.

Phrases for Supporting Arguments in IELTS Writing 2: Sample Question (with answer)

Given below are some sample questions that’ll require you to implement your understanding of phrases for supporting arguments. Solve these questions to get a solid idea of how to incorporate phrases for supporting arguments in your IELTS writing task 2. That being said, have a look at the questions below and get started.

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate phrase from the Answer Bank.

Question 1:

1. ________ renewable energy sources are not always reliable, they are still essential for reducing our dependence on fossil fuels.
2. _______ the potential negative impacts of artificial intelligence, its benefits outweigh the risks.
3. _________ cultural diversity can also lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.
4. ________ governments need to invest more in education to address the skills gap.
5. _______ a balanced approach to technology is necessary to maximize its benefits and minimize its drawbacks.

Answer Bank:

• While it is true that
• Admittedly, there are concerns about
• On the other hand, it is important to remember that
• Consequently, it is clear
• Therefore, we can conclude that

Answer Key:

The Answer Key provides the correct answers for each blank in the exercise. It shows the ideal phrase that fits in context.

1. While it is true that
2. Admittedly, there are concerns about
3. On the other hand, it is important to remember that
4. Consequently, it is clear
5. Therefore, we can conclude that

Questions 2. 

1. ________ online education improves accessibility, it cannot fully replace traditional classroom interaction.
2. ________ air pollution causes respiratory problems, governments continue to approve high-emission projects.
3. ________ climate change is a pressing issue, industrial growth is still prioritized in many regions.
4. ________ the benefits of technology, excessive screen time can affect mental health.
5. ________ renewable energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions, its initial cost is higher than conventional energy.

Question 2. 

1. ________ AI improves productivity, ethical concerns remain unresolved.
2. ________ the importance of recycling, consumer awareness is still low.
3. ________ increased internet access, misinformation spreads rapidly.
4. ________ urbanization provides economic benefits, it also creates environmental challenges.
5. ________ students benefit from collaborative learning, some prefer individual study.

Answer Bank:

• Admittedly, there are concerns about
• While it is true that
• On the other hand, it is important to remember that
• Despite
• Therefore, we can conclude that

Answer Key:

1. Admittedly, there are concerns about
2. While it is true that
3. Despite
4. On the other hand, it is important to remember that
5. While it is true that

Question 3. 

1. ________ government investment in healthcare improves quality, disparities still exist.
2. ________ environmental laws exist, illegal logging continues in some regions.
3. ________ technological advancements have increased convenience, privacy risks are higher.
4. ________ the growth of renewable energy, fossil fuels remain dominant.
5. ________ automation increases efficiency, human oversight is still necessary.

Answer Bank:

• Nevertheless
• On the other hand, it is important to remember that
• While it is true that
• Despite
• Consequently, it is clear

Answer Key:

1. While it is true that
2. Despite
3. On the other hand, it is important to remember that
4. Nevertheless
5. While it is true that

Question 4. 

1. ________ globalization boosts trade, it can also cause cultural homogenization.
2. ________ investments in education are rising, literacy gaps remain in remote areas.
3. ________ urban green spaces improve quality of life, maintenance costs are high.
4. ________ AI assists in healthcare diagnosis, it cannot replace human judgement.
5. ________ countries invest in renewable energy, fossil fuel consumption continues globally.

Answer Bank:

• While it is true that
• On the other hand, it is important to remember that
• Nevertheless
• Despite
• Admittedly, there are concerns about

Answer Key:

1. On the other hand, it is important to remember that
2. While it is true that
3. Nevertheless
4. While it is true that
5. Despite

Question 5. 

1. ________ urban transport improvements reduce congestion, population growth adds pressure.
2. ________ technological innovations reduce costs, cybersecurity risks rise.
3. ________ renewable energy adoption is increasing, fossil fuels still dominate in developing countries.
4. ________ AI improves efficiency, it raises ethical questions.
5. ________ international cooperation is improving, geopolitical tensions still exist.

Answer Bank:

• While it is true that
• On the other hand, it is important to remember that
• Despite
• Admittedly, there are concerns about
• Consequently, it is clear

Answer Key:

1. On the other hand, it is important to remember that
2. While it is true that
3. Despite
4. Admittedly, there are concerns about
5. Consequently, it is clear

Useful Tips for Using Phrases for Supporting Arguments in IELTS 

After practising a good number of questions let us now have some quick tips for using phrases to support arguments in IELTS. Refer to them to construe well-articulated, coherent responses in your IELTS writing task 2 and IELTS speaking part 3 tasks. Have a look. 

• Instead of focusing solely on memorizing phrases, grasp the underlying logical relationships between your arguments. This allows you to adapt and create your own supportive statements while ensuring clarity and impact.
• Choose phrases that best suit the specific function you need. Do you want to introduce evidence, address counterpoints, or emphasize a point? Select phrases that effectively convey your purpose within the argument’s flow.
• Use a diverse range of phrases to demonstrate your vocabulary and sentence structure. Mix and match phrases to create fresh and engaging writing.
• Align your phrases with the formal register of IELTS writing. Avoid overly informal phrases or idioms that might weaken your essay’s tone.
• Seamlessly integrate the phrases into your sentences. Don’t force them in if they disrupt the natural flow of your writing.
• Ensure your phrasing is clear and concise. Avoid ambiguity or overly complex sentences that might confuse the examiner.
• Don’t just state arguments – support them with concrete evidence like studies, statistics, or relevant examples. Use phrases that effectively introduce and explain your evidence.
• Use transition words and phrases to create a logical flow between your arguments. Make sure each point builds upon the previous one and leads towards your conclusion.
• Consider the task type. In writing task 1, use phrases for concise descriptions and comparisons. In Task 2, utilize phrases to introduce arguments, provide evidence, and connect ideas logically.

So that was all about phrases for supporting arguments in IELTS. Hope the blog has answered your queries regarding the topic.

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