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In our daily life, we observe a wide range of shapes. From our favourite bottle that matches the aesthetic of our desk to the sandwiches we eat or the traffic cones we see on roads, shapes are all around us. In Mathematics, geometric shapes are figures that occupy space. Every shape has certain properties, like size, dimension, and angle, which help us classify them into two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D). In this blog, we will learn more about the different maths shape and their properties. Let’s begin.
Examples of 2D Shapes in Math
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Two-dimensional shapes are flat shapes and closed figures. These figures lie only on the x-axis and y-axis. Here are some 2-dimensional shapes in maths for kids with their properties.
1. Triangle
- A triangle is a polygon made of three sides.
- It consists of three edges and three vertices.
- The sum of its internal angles is 180 degrees.
2. Circle
- A circle is a round-shaped figure with no corners.
- It has 1 side.
- There are no vertices.
3. Square
- A square is a quadrilateral shape made of four sides.
- It has four vertices.
- All the four sides and angles of a square are equal.
- The angles at all the vertices are equal to 90 degrees each.
4. Rectangle
- A rectangle is a quadrilateral.
- It has four sides and four vertices.
- It has two pairs of opposite sides equal in length.
- The interior angles are at the right angles.
5. Parallelogram
- A parallelogram is a quadrilateral.
- It has two pairs of parallel sides.
- The opposite angles are equal in measure.
6. Polygons
- Polygons are made of line segments.
- They do not have curves.
- They are enclosed structures based on different lengths of sides and different angles.
Also Read: Cross-Sectional Area of Different Shapes with Formula
Examples of 3D Shapes in Maths
Three-dimensional shapes in geometry lie on the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. The z-axis shows the height of an object.
1. Cube
- A cube is a three-dimensional shape.
- It has 6 faces, 8 vertices, and 12 edges.
- The faces of the cubes are square in shape.
- Example- A Rubik’s cube
2. Cuboid
- A cuboid has 6 faces.
- It has 8 vertices and 12 edges.
- The faces of a cuboid are in rectangular shape.
- Example- Matchbox
3. Cone
- A cone is a solid shape.
- It has a circular base.
- It narrows from the surface to the top at a point called the apex or vertex.
- Example- An ice cream cone
4. Cylinder
- A cylinder is a solid shape.
- It has two parallel circular bases connected by a curved surface.
- It has no vertex.
- Example- Gas cylinder
5. Sphere
- A sphere is a round shape in a 3D plane.
- Its radius is extended to three dimensions (x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis).
- Example- Ball
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Keep reading our blogs to learn more about the Basic Concepts of Maths!