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The NCERT Class 11 History Chapter 3: Nomadic Empires from Themes in World History examines the rise and structure of nomadic empires, focusing on the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and its administration, economy, and societal features from around the 12th to 13th centuries CE. It explores nomadic life, military conquests, governance, and cultural exchanges, providing insights into how nomads built vast empires and their impact on world history. This section offers detailed solutions to the chapter’s exercise questions, helping CBSE students in understanding key historical concepts for exam preparation.
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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Themes in World History Chapter 3: Nomadic Empires
This section provides clear solutions for Class 11 Themes in World History Chapter 3: Nomadic Empires. The detailed explanations below help students grasp the subject thoroughly.
Exercise
(Answer in Brief)
1. Why was trade so significant to the Mongols?
Answer: Trade was significant to the Mongols because their steppe homeland in Central Asia had harsh climates and limited resources, relying on pastoralism for survival. They exchanged animal products like wool and meat for grains and manufactured goods from settled societies, which were essential for their economic sustenance and growth.
2. Why did Genghis Khan feel the need to fragment the Mongol tribes into new social and military groupings?
Answer: Genghis Khan fragmented the Mongol tribes into new social and military groupings to eliminate old clan rivalries that weakened unity. By organising them into decimal units (10s, 100s, 1,000s, 10,000s), he created a loyal, disciplined army directly under his command, strengthening his control and enabling successful conquests.
3. How do later Mongol reflections on the ‘Yasa’ bring out the uneasy relationship they had with the memory of Genghis Khan?
Answer: Later Mongol reflections on the ‘Yasa’ reveal an uneasy relationship with Genghis Khan’s memory as they revered him as a founder but adapted his decrees to suit their sedentary lifestyles. Chronicles like Juvaini’s portray the Yasa as a comprehensive code, yet its modifications suggest a tension between honouring his legacy and meeting the practical needs of a diverse empire.
4. ‘If history relies upon written records produced by city-based literati, nomadic societies will always receive a hostile representation.’ Would you agree with this statement? Does it explain the reason why Persian chronicles produced such inflated figures of casualties resulting from Mongol campaigns?
Answer: Yes, I agree with the statement because city-based literati often viewed nomads as threats, leading to biased records. This explains the inflated casualty figures in Persian chronicles, as sedentary Persian writers exaggerated Mongol destruction to vilify them, despite their role in establishing trade and order.
Also Read: NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 6 Political Theory: Citizenship Solutions (Free PDF)
(Answer in a Short Essay)
5. Keeping the nomadic element of the Mongol and Bedouin societies in mind, how, in your opinion, did their respective historical experiences differ? What explanations would you suggest account for these differences?
Answer: The historical experiences of Mongol and Bedouin societies, both nomadic, diverged in scope and impact. The Mongols built a vast empire through military conquests across Eurasia under Genghis Khan, but it fragmented due to internal divisions and cultural assimilation. The Bedouins, unified by Islam under Muhammad, expanded through trade and religion, creating a durable Arab-Islamic empire with lasting cultural influence.
These differences stem from their environments and ideologies. The Mongols’ expansive steppes enabled large-scale cavalry warfare but lacked a unifying belief system beyond loyalty to the khan. The Bedouins’ desert setting fostered trade networks, and Islam provided a cohesive religious framework, sustaining their empire’s longevity and integration of diverse regions.
6. How does the following account enlarge upon the character of the Pax Mongolica created by the Mongols by the middle of the thirteenth century?
The Franciscan monk, William Rubruck, was sent by Louis IX of France on an embassy to the great Khan Mongke’s court. He reached Karakorum, the capital of Mongke, in 1254 and came upon a woman from Lorraine (in France) called Paquette, who had been brought from Hungary and was the service of one of the prince’s wives who was a Nestorian Christian. At the court he came across a Parisian goldsmith named Guillaume Boucher, ‘whose brother dwelt on the Grand Pont in Paris’. This goldsmith was first employed by the Queen Sorghaghtani and then by Mongke’s younger brother, Rubruck found that at the great court festivals the Nestorian priests were admitted first, with their regalia, to bless the Grand Khan’s cup, and were followed by the Muslim clergy and Buddhist and Taoist monks…
Answer: The account of a maiden travelling safely with a tray of gold highlights the Pax Mongolica’s character by showcasing the mid-13th-century peace and security under Mongol rule. This stability, enforced through strict laws and the yam postal system, facilitated safe trade and travel across the Silk Road, connecting continents. It transformed the Mongols’ image from conquerors to architects of a prosperous, interconnected empire, despite earlier violence.
Download NCERT Solutions Class 11 History Themes in World History Chapter 3: Nomadic Empires
You can download the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Themes in World History Chapter 3: Nomadic Empires. We have provided the free PDF for students below.
Explore Solutions of Class 11: Themes in World History
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