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The sex ratio of Kerala is 1,121 females per 1,000 males, as per the latest Census of India (2011). This makes Kerala the state with the highest female-to-male ratio in India, reflecting its progressive socio-economic indicators and strong emphasis on gender equality.
Kerala has consistently maintained a positive sex ratio over the decades, a stark contrast to many other states in India where male dominance in numbers is prevalent. The higher number of females in the state is largely attributed to improved healthcare, better literacy rates, and progressive social reforms that have contributed to enhanced female well-being.
Factors Contributing to Kerala’s High Sex Ratio
High Literacy Rates: Kerala boasts the highest literacy rate in India, with female literacy almost at par with male literacy. Education has played a crucial role in empowering women, leading to better healthcare choices, employment opportunities, and awareness about gender equity.
Superior Healthcare Facilities: Kerala has an excellent healthcare system that ensures better maternal and child health, reducing female infant mortality. Government policies supporting women’s health have resulted in longer life expectancy for females.
Social Reforms and Awareness: The state has a history of social reform movements that have advocated for women’s rights and gender equality. These movements have helped in reducing gender discrimination and improving the status of women.
Matrilineal Traditions: Certain communities in Kerala, such as the Nairs and some tribal groups, have traditionally followed a matrilineal system where property and family names are inherited through the female lineage. This has led to greater respect and value for women in society.
Migration of Males: A significant number of men from Kerala migrate to Gulf countries and other parts of India for employment. This has further influenced the sex ratio, as more women remain in the state while men seek job opportunities elsewhere.
Implications of a High Sex Ratio
While Kerala’s favourable sex ratio is a positive sign of gender inclusivity, it also presents unique challenges. A higher number of women in society means there is an increased demand for employment opportunities, social security measures, and gender-sensitive policies. The state must continue its efforts to ensure equal economic participation, safety, and well-being for its female population.
Kerala’s sex ratio of 1,121 females per 1,000 males is a testament to its progressive policies and commitment to gender equality. While there are challenges to address, the state remains a model for others in India, demonstrating how education, healthcare, and social reforms can contribute to a balanced and inclusive society.
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