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Answer: India is a federal country. This means powers and responsibilities are divided between the Central Government and State Governments. The Constitution divides these powers into three lists. These lists and options are discussed below.
Option A: State List
This list contains subjects that only the state government can make laws about. Examples include police, local government, and public health. Education was originally in this list before 1976.
Option B: Union List
This list contains subjects only the central government can make laws about. These include defence, foreign affairs, atomic energy, and currency. Education is not in the Union List.
Option C: Concurrent List
This is the correct answer. Both the central and state governments can make laws on subjects in this list. Education is now in the Concurrent List after the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976. This was done to give both governments the power to improve education together across India. Examples of other subjects in the concurrent list:
- Marriage and divorce
- Forests
- Adoption
Option D: Residuary Powers
This includes subjects not mentioned in any of the three lists. Only the central government can make laws on these topics. Examples: Cyber laws, space research. Education is not included in this list and hence not a residuary subject.
Correct Answer: C. Concurrent List
Education is a very important subject for every citizen and needs both state and central support. That is why it was moved from the State List to the Concurrent List in 1976. So, the correct answer is C. Concurrent List.
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