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- Quickly understand the diagram before reading the passage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Pay attention to word limits and specific instructions in the question.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Efficiently scan the text to locate keywords and details related to the diagram.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Prioritise reading headings and subheadings to find relevant information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Skim for general ideas and then scan for specific details matching the diagram labels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Look out for synonyms or paraphrased expressions to match diagram labels accurately.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Ensure the correct forms (e.g., singular or plural) of words are used to fill in blanks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Be mindful of time; move on to the next question if one seems particularly challenging.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Familiarise yourself with various diagram types through regular, timed practice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Check for spelling and grammar errors; ensure choices logically fit the passage context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
IELTS Reading Passage- Glass Capturing the Dance of Light<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A.<\/strong> Glass, in one form or another, has long been in noble service to humans. As one of the most widely used of manufactured materials, and certainly the most versatile, it can be as imposing as a telescope mirror the width of a tennis court or as small and simple as a marble rolling across dirt. The uses of this adaptable material have been broadened dramatically by new technologies glass fibre optics \u2014 more than eight million miles \u2014 carrying telephone and television signals across nations, glass ceramics serving as the nose cones of missiles and as crowns for teeth; tiny glass beads taking radiation doses inside the body to specific organs, even a new type of glass fashioned of nuclear waste in order to dispose of that unwanted material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B.<\/strong> On the horizon are optical computers. These could store programs and process information by means of light \u2013 pulses from tiny lasers \u2013 rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibres, not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today\u2019s electronic computers and hold vastly more information. Today fibre optics are used to obtain a clearer image of smaller and smaller objects than ever before \u2013 even bacterial viruses. A new generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fibre optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U.S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150,000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C.<\/strong> But it is not only in technology and commerce that glass has widened its horizons. The use of glass as art, a tradition spins back at least to Roman times, is also booming. Nearly everywhere, it seems, men and women are blowing glass and creating works of art. \u00abI didn\u2019t sell a piece of glass until 1975,\u00bb Dale Chihuly said, smiling, for in the 18 years since the end of the dry spell, he has become one of the most financially successful artists of the 20th century. He now has a new commission \u2013 a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company \u2013 for which his fee is half a million dollars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D.<\/strong> But not all the glass technology that touches our lives is ultra-modern. Consider the simple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown, and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day\u2019s pay for the average worker. In effect, the invention of the ribbon machine by Corning in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way, the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66,000 an hour, as compared with 1,200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E.<\/strong> The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid, and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion, characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process, the atoms in the raw materials are disturbed from their normal position in the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements the glass cools. This looseness in molecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous \u201cformability\u201d which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
F.<\/strong> Today, scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixtures and building designers test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. A London architect, Mike Davies, sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. \u201cGlass is the great building material of the future, the \u00abdynamic skin\u00bb,\u2019 he said. \u201cThink of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents going through it, glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button, that gives you instant curtains. Think of how the tall buildings in New York could perform a symphony of colours as the glass in them is made to change colours instantly.\u201d Glass as instant curtains is available now, but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colours instantly, that may come true. Mike Davies\u2019s vision may indeed be on the way to fulfilment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q. Label The Given Diagram (shows the principle of Coming\u2019s ribbon machine<\/em>) <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Label the diagram by selecting NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS<\/strong> from the Reading Passage to fill each numbered space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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