{"id":861455,"date":"2025-05-30T18:01:01","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T12:31:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/?p=861455"},"modified":"2025-05-30T18:01:01","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T12:31:01","slug":"ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-7-federalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/indian-exams\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-7-federalism\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Notes Class 11 Political Science Indian Constitution at Work Chapter 7: Federalism (Free PDF)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7: Federalism from the textbook Indian Constitution at Work explores the concept of federalism and its significance in governing diverse and large countries like India. It examines how federalism accommodates regional and national identities, the structure of India\u2019s federal system, and the challenges it faces, such as demands for autonomy, interstate conflicts, and special provisions for certain states. The chapter highlights India\u2019s federal framework, which balances unity with diversity through a strong central government, and discusses the political dynamics shaping centre-state relations. These notes provide a clear and concise summary for revision and exam preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Explore Notes of Class 11 Political Science: Indian Constitution at Work<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#acf0d7\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-1-constitution-why-and-how\/\"><strong>Chapter 1<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-2-rights-in-the-indian-constitution\/\"><strong>Chapter 2<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-3-election-and-representation\/\"><strong>Chapter 3<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-4-executive\/\"><strong>Chapter 4<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-5-legislature\/\"><strong>Chapter 5<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#f1c3a2\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/11LkoMFgiluGn-BxjpqfPDTHZLy5aZNK8\/view?usp=sharing\"><strong>Download PDF of NCERT Notes Class 11 Political Science Indian Constitution at Work Chapter 7: Federalism<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-federalism\">What is Federalism?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Federalism is a system of government that divides power between national and regional governments, allowing both to operate autonomously in their respective spheres. It is designed to accommodate diverse identities and ensure unity while respecting regional differences. The chapter uses examples like the breakup of the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Pakistan to illustrate the challenges of federalism when trust and cooperation are absent. India\u2019s success in maintaining unity since 1947 is attributed to its federal structure, which balances unity and diversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key Features of Federalism:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dual Polity:<\/strong> Federalism creates two levels of government\u2014national (union) and regional (state)\u2014each autonomous in its sphere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dual Identities:<\/strong> People have loyalties to both their region (e.g., Gujarati, Jharkhandi) and the nation (Indian). India has a single citizenship, unlike some federations with dual citizenship.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Written Constitution: <\/strong>A supreme constitution outlines the powers and responsibilities of both levels of government. National matters (e.g., defence, currency) are under the union government, while regional matters are under state governments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Independent Judiciary:<\/strong> Resolves disputes between the centre and states regarding the division of powers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role of Political Dynamics:<\/strong> The success of federalism depends on trust, cooperation, mutual respect, and restraint. Domination by a single state, linguistic group, or ideology can lead to resentment, secession demands, or civil wars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-federalism-in-the-indian-constitution\">Federalism in the Indian Constitution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India\u2019s Constitution establishes a federal system without explicitly using the term \u201cfederation.\u201d It creates two sets of government: the union government for the nation and state governments for each state, both with constitutional status and clearly defined roles. The judiciary resolves disputes over power division, ensuring cooperation between the centre and states while recognising regional diversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key Aspects of India\u2019s Federal System:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Division of Powers:<\/strong> The Constitution demarcates subjects under the Union List (e.g., defence, foreign affairs), State List (e.g., public health, agriculture), and Concurrent List (shared responsibilities). Economic and financial powers are centralised with the Union government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Emphasis on Unity:<\/strong> The Constitution prioritises unity and cooperation between the centre and states, reflecting India\u2019s diverse linguistic, cultural, and regional landscape.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Judicial Role:<\/strong> The judiciary ensures disputes over power division are settled based on constitutional provisions, maintaining the balance between the centre and the states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-federalism-with-a-strong-central-government\">Federalism with a Strong Central Government<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian Constitution creates a federal system with a strong central government to ensure unity and address socio-economic challenges like poverty and illiteracy. This was necessary to integrate over 500 princely states and British provinces after independence and to drive national development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the Provisions for a Strong Centre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Parliament\u2019s Authority:<\/strong> Parliament can alter state boundaries, names, or create new states, with safeguards requiring state legislature consultation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Emergency Powers:<\/strong> During a national emergency, the central government assumes control, and Parliament can legislate on state subjects, centralising power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Financial Powers:<\/strong> The centre controls major revenue sources, leaving states dependent on grants and loans. The Planning Commission (now replaced) centralised economic decision-making, often leading to accusations of discrimination against opposition-ruled states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Governor\u2019s Role:<\/strong> Governors, appointed by the centre, can reserve state bills for the President\u2019s assent, delay legislation, or recommend President\u2019s Rule, giving the centre significant influence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Centralised Administration:<\/strong> All-India services (IAS, IPS) are controlled by the centre, with states unable to discipline or remove these officers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legislative Flexibility:<\/strong> The centre can legislate on state subjects with Rajya Sabha approval, and its executive powers supersede those of the states<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Armed Forces Special Powers Act:<\/strong> Based on Articles 33 and 34, this strengthens the centre\u2019s authority during martial law, though it has caused tensions in some regions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Also Read:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-medium-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-solutions-class-11-political-science-chapter-4-political-theory-social-justice\/\"><strong>NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 4 Political Theory: Social Justice Solutions (Free PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-class-11-political-science-chapter-2-political-theory-freedom-solutions-free-pdf\/\"><strong>NCERT Class 11 Political Science Political Theory: Chapter 2 Freedom Solutions (Free PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conflicts-in-india-s-federal-system\">Conflicts in India\u2019s Federal System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India\u2019s federal system, while promoting unity, faces tensions due to the centre\u2019s dominance and states\u2019 demands for greater autonomy. These conflicts are both legal (resolved by the judiciary) and political (requiring negotiations).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-centre-state-relations\">Centre-State Relations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Centre-State relations often face tension in India\u2019s federal system, especially over power-sharing, resource control, and political differences. These conflicts impact governance, policymaking, and cooperative federalism. Below are mentioned some of the centre-state relations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Congress Dominance (1950s\u20131960s):<\/strong> Under Jawaharlal Nehru, centre-state relations were stable due to Congress ruling both levels. States relied on central grants for development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Post-1960s Shift:<\/strong> The rise of opposition parties in states led to demands for autonomy, as states protested perceived interference by the Congress-led centre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Coalition Era (1990s Onwards):<\/strong> The end of Congress dominance and rise of coalition politics gave states a greater voice, fostering mature federalism and respect for diversity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-demands-for-autonomy\">Demands for Autonomy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Demands for Autonomy highlight tensions within India\u2019s federal system, where several states seek greater control over resources, governance, and cultural identity, challenging the balance of central and state powers. Here are the autonomy conflicts in the Indian Federal System:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Power Redistribution:<\/strong> States like Tamil Nadu, Punjab, and West Bengal, and parties like DMK, Akali Dal, and CPI-M, demand more powers for states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Financial Autonomy:<\/strong> States seek independent revenue sources and control over resources, as seen in West Bengal\u2019s 1977 document on restructuring centre-state relations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Administrative Autonomy:<\/strong> States resent central control over administrative machinery, such as IAS\/IPS officers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cultural and Linguistic Autonomy:<\/strong> Opposition to Hindi dominance (e.g., Tamil Nadu) and demands for cultural recognition (e.g., Punjabi language) reflect regional concerns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-role-of-governors-and-president-s-rule\">Role of Governors and President\u2019s Rule<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The role of Governors and the use of President\u2019s Rule often sparks debates in India\u2019s federal system, highlighting tensions between central authority and state autonomy. Here are some of the roles by the government and its impact on the centre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Governor\u2019s Role:<\/strong> Appointed by the centre, governors are often seen as central agents, especially when different parties rule the centre and states. Their actions, like reserving bills, spark controversy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>President\u2019s Rule (Article 356):<\/strong> Allows the centre to take over state governance if the state government cannot function constitutionally. Its misuse, especially post-1967, to dismiss opposition-ruled state governments (e.g., Kerala 1959, Andhra Pradesh 1980s) has been controversial. The judiciary can review its constitutional validity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sarkaria Commission (1983\u20131988):<\/strong> Recommended non-partisan governor appointments to reduce centre-state tensions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-demands-for-new-states\">Demands for New States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Demands for new states in India highlight deep-rooted regional, cultural, and economic identities. There are some of the demands mentioned below which are often lead to political tensions, challenging the balance of power in India\u2019s federal system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Linguistic Basis:<\/strong> Post-independence, the States Reorganisation Commission (1953) recommended creating states based on linguistic identity, leading to states like Gujarat, Maharashtra (1960), Punjab, Haryana (1966), and northeastern states (e.g., Manipur, Meghalaya).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Recent Divisions:<\/strong> In 2000, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, and Jharkhand were created, followed by Telangana in 2014, to address administrative efficiency and regional demands.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ongoing Demands:<\/strong> Regions like Vidarbha continue to seek statehood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-interstate-conflicts\">Interstate Conflicts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Interstate conflicts in India\u2019s federal system arise when two or more states disagree over issues like water sharing, boundaries, or resources, challenging the balance between unity and state autonomy. Here are some of the disputes that leads to interstate conflicts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Border Disputes:<\/strong> Disputes over territories, often in linguistically mixed areas, persist (e.g., Maharashtra-Karnataka over Belgaum, Manipur-Nagaland, Punjab-Haryana over Chandigarh).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>River Water Disputes:<\/strong> Conflicts over water sharing, like the Kaveri dispute (Tamil Nadu-Karnataka) and Narmada dispute (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra), impact agriculture and drinking water. Tribunals and the Supreme Court attempt resolution, but political negotiations are key.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-special-provisions\">Special Provisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India\u2019s federal system provides differential treatment to certain states due to their unique social, historical, or cultural contexts, ensuring flexibility in governance. Here are the special provisions in the Indian Federal System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Asymmetrical Representation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Rajya Sabha provides proportional representation, giving larger states more seats while ensuring smaller states have minimum representation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Special Provisions for States:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Northeastern States:<\/strong> States like Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram receive special provisions due to their tribal populations and distinct cultures, though insurgency persists in some areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other States:<\/strong> Hilly states like Himachal Pradesh and others like Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Sikkim, and Telangana have tailored provisions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jammu and Kashmir (J&amp;K)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Article 370 (Historical):<\/strong> Granted J&amp;K greater autonomy, requiring state concurrence for applying Union and Concurrent List subjects. The centre had limited powers, and J&amp;K had its own constitution and flag. Emergency provisions and Directive Principles did not apply without state consent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Post-2019 Status:<\/strong> The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act (2019) revoked Article 370, bifurcating J&amp;K into two Union Territories\u2014Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh\u2014effective October 31, 2019, reducing its autonomy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-important-definitions-in-ncert-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-7-federalism\">Important Definitions in NCERT Class 11 Political Science Indian Constitution at Work Chapter 7: Federalism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This section will help you to understand the key concept and list key terms for clarity and revision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Federalism<\/strong>: A system of government dividing powers between national and regional governments, each autonomous in its sphere, with a written constitution and an independent judiciary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Division of Powers<\/strong>: The constitutional allocation of subjects to the Union (e.g., defence), State (e.g., agriculture), and Concurrent Lists, with the centre holding significant economic powers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Emergency Provisions<\/strong>: Constitutional provisions allowing the centre to assume control over states during emergencies, centralising power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>President\u2019s Rule (Article 356)<\/strong>: Allows the centre to take over state governance if constitutional machinery fails, subject to parliamentary approval and judicial review.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Financial Autonomy<\/strong>: States\u2019 demand for independent revenue sources and control over resources to reduce dependence on central grants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sarkaria Commission<\/strong>: A 1983\u20131988 commission recommending non-partisan governor appointments to improve centre-state relations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>States Reorganisation Commission (1953)<\/strong>: Recommended creating states based on linguistic identity, leading to the reorganisation of states in 1956 and beyond.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asymmetrical Federalism<\/strong>: Differential treatment of states (e.g., northeastern states, J&amp;K) to accommodate unique social and historical circumstances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Explore Notes of Class 11 Political Science: Political Theory<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#ecd79d\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-class-11-political-science-chapter-1-political-theory-notes-free-pdf\/\"><strong>Chapter 1<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-class-11-political-science-chapter-2-freedom-notes-free-pdf\/\"><strong>Chapter 2<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-class-11-political-science-chapter-3-equality-notes-free-pdf\/\"><strong>Chapter 3<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-chapter-4-social-justice\/\"><strong>Chapter 4<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-chapter-5-rights\/\"><strong>Chapter 5<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Download the Solutions of Other Chapters of Class 11 Political Science: Indian Constitution at Work<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#d7b7f6\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-solutions-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-1-constitution-why-and-how\/\"><strong>Chapter 1<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-solutions-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-2-rights-in-the-indian-constitution\/\"><strong>Chapter 2<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-solutions-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-3-election-and-representation\/\"><strong>Chapter 3<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-solutions-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-4-executive\/\"><strong>Chapter 4<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-solutions-class-11-political-science-indian-constitution-at-work-chapter-5-legislature\/\"><strong>Chapter 5<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Also Read:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-medium-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-solutions-class-11-political-science-political-theory-chapter-7-nationalism\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions Class 11 Political Science: Political Theory Chapter 7 Nationalism (Free PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-class-11-political-science-chapter-2-political-theory-freedom-solutions-free-pdf\/\"><strong>NCERT Class 11 Political Science Political Theory: Chapter 2 Freedom Solutions (Free PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Related Reads<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-pale-ocean-gradient-background has-background has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-class-11-political-science-chapter-3-equality-notes-free-pdf\/\"><strong>NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 3: Equality Notes (Free PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-class-11-political-science-chapter-2-freedom-notes-free-pdf\/\"><strong>NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 2: Freedom Notes (Free PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-political-theory-chapter-7-nationalism\/\"><strong>NCERT Notes Class 11 Political Science: Political Theory Chapter 7: Nationalism (Free PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-class-11-political-science-chapter-6-citizenship\/\"><strong>NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 6: Citizenship Notes (Free PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Federalism - full chapter explanation | Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/s5t7kaQ-O8c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Credits: Magnet Brains<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Explore Notes of Other Subjects of NCERT Class 11<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#92cef1\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-and-solutions-class-11-geography\/\"><strong>Geography<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><strong>Psychology<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-and-solutions-class-11-english\/\"><strong>English<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><strong>History<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-and-solutions-class-11-sociology\/\"><strong>Sociology<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faqs\">FAQs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1748607451602\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Why is federalism important in India?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Federalism accommodates India\u2019s linguistic, cultural, and regional diversity while ensuring national unity, allowing both the centre and states to govern autonomously in their spheres.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1748607462140\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">How does the Indian Constitution ensure a strong central government?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Through Parliament\u2019s power to alter state boundaries, emergency provisions, centralised financial control, the governor\u2019s role, and superior executive powers.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1748607483078\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is the role of the judiciary in India\u2019s federal system?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The judiciary resolves disputes between the centre and states over the division of powers, ensuring constitutional compliance.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1748607492614\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What are the main sources of centre-state conflicts?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Conflicts arise from states\u2019 demands for autonomy, misuse of President\u2019s Rule, governor interventions, and disputes over resources, borders, and river waters.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1748607556596\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What was the special status of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Article 370 granted J&amp;K greater autonomy, requiring state concurrence for applying Union and Concurrent List subjects, until its revocation in 2019.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>For NCERT study material, follow <a href=\"https:\/\/leverageedu.com\/discover\/school-education\/ncert-notes-and-solutions-class-11-political-science\/\"><strong>NCERT Notes and Solutions Class 11 Political Science<\/strong><\/a> by Leverage Edu now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7: Federalism from the textbook Indian Constitution at Work explores the&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":861457,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[369,477,389],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-861455","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-indian-exams","8":"category-ncert-study-material","9":"category-school-education"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - 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