CTET Child Development Study Notes on Special Needs

CTET is a national-level exam conducted twice a year by CBSE. Last year almost 23.5 lakh students appeared for the exam but only 6.5 were able to clear. After clearing the CTET exam, aspirants are eligible to teach students of classes 1 – 8 in schools in India. So, let’s start reading the important CTET Child Development Study Notes on Special Needs.

Also Read: CTET Child Development Theories

CTET Child Development on Special Needs

Every child is special in their own way. There are few that need special care and an environment to grow and learn. The specially-abled should be handled with proper care and education. Here are some of the disabilities and education.

Hearing Impairment

Hearing impairment can cause an inability to understand verbal communication. Sometimes unavoidable situations like heavy noise, distortion, and louder voices don’t make it clear for students. Hearing impairment can be classified into 2 categories:

• Completely Deaf – Hearing loss level is 90 decibels or more and such children need hearing aids. Without them, they can’t listen to anything.
• Partial Deaf – Known as sensorineural hearing loss. Causes due to damage of the tiny hair-like cells of the inner ear or the auditory nerve. It prevents the transfer of signals to the brain. 

Also Read : CTET Notes & Study Plan

Education

1. Hearing aids must be made available to the students.
2. Lip reading must be taught.
3. Audio-visual equipment can be used for better interaction.
4. Body movements, especially hands, could be used to communicate with the child.
5. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing masks has become an obstacle for Students to understand lip reading. However, teachers are encouraged to use face shields and drawl as much as possible.

Also Read: CTET Syllabus

Visual Impairment

Students might have a visual disability and need special care and attention accordingly. Here are the two types of visual impairment:

• Blind- Child who has sight adjustment capacity of 20/200 Snellen.
• Low vision- Child who’s having sight adjustment capacity of 20/70 Snellen to 20/200.

Education

1. Make sure the child seats on the first bench that is nearest to the board as well as the teacher.
2. The classroom must have proper lights.
3. Braille should be used to teach blind students.
4. For Students of low vision, fonts must be big, bold, and highlighted.
5. A magnifying glass can also be provided.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCgR3Ssu6aY

Also Read: Child Development & Pedagogy Notes

Locomotor Disability

This is caused due to disability in joints, and muscles, which restricts the movement of limbs or the usual form of cerebral palsy. Common conditions include cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophies, poliomyelitis, fractures, spinal injuries, soft tissues, etc. There are 3 types of locomotor disability.

• Muscle and Bone-related
• Neurological Damage
• Congenital Malformation

Education

1. They should attend classes along with normal children.
2. Accessories like wheelchairs should be made available on the school premises.
3. Must be trained for motor skills (like small movements in hands, fingers, toes, lips, and tongue)
4. Overall development like physical, emotional, and social is necessary and teachers should pay extra notice to that.
5. These students expect normal and generous behavior from other students. Hence other normal students should treat them with love and care.

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Mental Obstruction

When intellectual abilities are not working, that situation is mental retardation. The IQ level is measured with the help of the following table:-

IQ	Intellectual Level
140-Above	Genius
120-139	Level acumen
110-119	Above average
90-109	Average
71-89	Borderline
50-70	Mild
35-49	Moderate
20-34	Severe
Below-20	Profound

Education

1. Severe category children should be taught basic life skills like brushing, combing, eating, dressing, etc.
2. Encourage social skills like shaking hands, greeting elders, etc.
3. Free time activities like watching TV, playing games, listening to music, etc. Should be taught.
4. Mathematical skills are to be made acquainted with like counting, adding, subtraction, etc.
5. The teaching style should be completely different from a normal child’s.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G–jRHhM86U

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Disability in Learning

It is more of a mental disability. It gives rise to difficulty in learning things. It can be of various forms. Here are some of examples:

1. Poor coordination
2. Problems in solving mathematics
3. Difficulty in remembering facts
4. The problem in reading/writing
5. Lack of attention
6. Confused regarding directions
7. Uncleared concepts regarding time
8. Problems in staying organized

There are 4 types of learning disability

• Dysgraphia: Difficulty in writing and spelling. It can be of both technical as well as expressive sense. 
• Dyslexia: Difficulty in reading words or pronunciation. Additionally, it doesn’t affect general intelligence.
• Dyscalculia: Problems relating to calculations.
• Dyspraxia: The disability to make the desirable body response. Relates to motor functions.

Education

1. They need a proper consultant.
2. Group education is encouraged. That is one student can teach one another.
3. They should be provided with complete resources along with a resource room.
4. Teachers should use various techniques to teach.

Some More Education Tips

Students who are specially abled shall be treated with utmost care. So here are some common guidelines irrespective of the types of disability:-

1. Teachers can involve students’ parents for further interaction and in the activities in the school.
2. Every child is different. So teachers should treat them according to the child’s comfort and discomfort.
3. Individual goals should be encouraged along with other students inside the classroom.
4. Equality is appreciated by all. So normal students and teachers should be generous and respectful towards the specially abled.
5. To develop a sense of friendship among all the students
6. To promote unity in diversity
7. To organize various programs for the students to teach them values

FAQs

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